Tatipamula et al.: GC-MS analysis of Taxithelium napalense Considering the antidiabetic potentiality of the moss Taxithelium napalense, the present study was undertaken to explore the chemical constituents that are present in this species. The entire moss Taxithelium napalense was extracted by ethanol and the extract obtained was subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sixty nine compounds were identifi ed, which are reported for the fi rst time from this species. From the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, it was determined that the octadecanoic acid methyl ester was the chief component present in Taxithelium napalense. In addition, the total phenolic and fl avonoid contents of ethanol extract of Taxithelium napalense were found to be 101.43±0.38 mg Q/g and 229.73±3.07 mg GA/g, respectively. Additionally, the IC 50 of the ethanol extract of Taxithelium napalense on α-glucosidase was found to be 34.5 μg/ml, while acarbose value was 29.5 μg/ml. This is the fi rst report on the chemical investigation of the moss Taxithelium napalense.

Tatipamula et al.: Biological profile of R. leiodeaThe chemical investigation of acetone extract of manglicolous lichen Ramalina leiodea yielded three known metabolites, methyl 2,6-dihydroxy-4-methyl benzoate (1), haematommic acid (2) and ethyl haematommate (3), which are reported for the first time in this species. The acetone extract and the metabolites (1-3) were screened for antioxidant activity in α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) and superoxide free radical assays, for antiinflammatory activity in pretein denaturation assay and for anticancer activity in sulforhodamine B assay on lung, head and neck, and cervical cancer cells. The results showed that compounds 2 and 3 depicted inhibitory profiles against 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) free radical with an IC 50 of 40.0 and 40.5 µg/ml, respectively and caused protein denaturation with an IC 50 of 435 and 403 µg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, compounds 2 and 3 exhibited a significant degree of specificity against cervical, head and neck, and lung cancer cells, while these compounds showed little toxicity against normal human mammary epithelial cell line. In summary the manglicolous lichen Ramalina leiodea possessed free radical scavenging, antiinflammatory, and anticancer activities and the main metabolites responsible for these activities could be compounds 2 and 3.