Textural changes as well as protein degradation during frozen storage of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at −18C for 150 days were studied. Salt-soluble protein and protein solubility decreased significantly during the frozen storage period. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was performed, and no visible changes in myosin heavy chain were observed up to 90th day of frozen storage period; however, the thickness of band was found to decrease thereafter. A new lighter band with molecular weight of 29 kDa was found on 120th and 150th day of sampling period. Actin was found more resistant to proteolysis. Texture profile analysis revealed that hardness 1, hardness 2, gumminess and chewiness gradually decreased up to 120th day, but showed an increase thereafter. Although sensory attributes decreased with the progress of frozen storage period, the fish was in acceptable condition on 150th day. Gradual toughening of muscle was recorded by the sensory panelists. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONThe popularity of tilapia is gaining importance for the development of different value-added fish products as well as for canning purposes. Therefore, it is important from the part of fish processor to know the changes of protein and texture profile during frozen storage. Although there was protein degradation and changes in texture profile during the study period of 150 days, the fish was in acceptable condition. , etc.) are significantly different (P < 0.05) with respect to period of storage.STUDY OF TILAPIA DURING FROZEN STORAGE K. SUBBAIAH ET AL.

No abstract

To compare the effect of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and thidiazuron (TDZ) on morphological abnormal plants or per cent variant plantlets during secondary hardening period. Shoot tips of Musa spp. were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations (2.0 and 5.0 mg/L) of BAP and (0.2 and 0.3 mg/L) of TDZ and NAA 0.2 mg/L. Wherever, TDZ is present in the medium some morphological dwarf plants were observed. The maximum plant height (16.17 cm) and number of leaves (4.20) was in T 2 . Where, the maximum shoot diameter (4.97 mm), number of primary roots (4.53) and length of longest root (11.17 cm) was in T 1 . TDZ at 0.2 mg/L it increases the morphological abnormal plants like dwarf plants (20.00%). In conclusion BAP at 5.0 mg/L, TDZ at 0.2 mg/L and NAA at 0.2 mg/L and BAP at 2.0 mg/L, TDZ at 0.2 mg/L and NAA at 0.2 mg/L were assumed to be the most suitable for commercial micropropagation system with low frequency of abnormal shoot production for local banana cultivars. Highlights •BAP is the best for healthy, thinner and lengthy shoots.• Dwarfness is the major abnormality during hardening where ever TDZ is used.• Rooting (90-95%) was successfully obtained in NAA medium and survival of plantlets (70-75%) during hardening.

Michael E Porter developed a value chain model for manufacturing sector with five primary activities and four supporting activities. The value chain model developed by Porter is extended to a steel manufacturing sector due to expansions of steel plants has become a continual process for their growth and survival. In this paper a value chain model for steel manufacturing sector is developed considering five primary activities and six support activities.