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Larvicidal activity was assessed for alcoholic extracts of Phyllanthus amarus, Annona squamosa, Coccinia grandis and Eclipta prostrata extracted using solvents of various polarity. Third instar stage larvae of Dengue-vector, Aedes aegypti and Japanese encephalitis (JE) causing mosquito Culex tritaeniorhynchus were subjected to larvicidal bioassay at various concentrations (1000, 500, 250 ppm). The results explored that the phytoconstituents and secondary metabolites present in all the plants elucidated potent larvicidal activity. Among the tested extract ethyl acetate, petroleum ether and hexane extract expressed significant larvicidal activity. Similarly, these plants were subjected to green synthesis of silver nanoparticles, characterized and subjected for its larvicidal activity against Anopheles stephensi causing malaria. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-VIS spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy respectively. The FTIR analysis strongly supported the capping behaviour of bio-reduced synthesized silver nanoparticles which in turn imparted the high stability of the synthesized silver nanoparticles. The average size of synthesized nanoparticles was less than 1 mm, most spherical in shape with SEM analysis. The findings revealed that Eclipta prostrata and Annona squamosa has effective larvicidal activity, whereas all the synthesised nanoparticles demonstrated dose dependent activity even at very low concentration and the findings reveals that these extracts and nanoparticles can be a better remedy against these mosquitoes.

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Diabetic mellitus was induced in adult wistar rats using the chemical compound streptozotocin which induces a type of diabetes which is similar to diabetes mellitus with non-ketosis hyperglycemia in some animal species. The changes in MDA (lipid peroxidation) and glucose (by GOD method) levels in blood of both normal and diabetic rat were analyzed. Diabetes induced rats were treated with leaf extracts of Gymnema sylvestre and Andrographis paniculata which are of medicinal importance. Later after inducing diabetes the rats were treated with medicinal plants, Andrographis paniculata and Gymnema sylvestre which are well known for their anti diabetic and antioxidative property in order to control the glucose and MDA levels. The blood plasma of diabetic and normal rats was analyzed for the levels of MDA (lipid peroxidation) and glucose levels. Our experimental results indicated that Gymnema sylvestre and Andrographis paniculata as a dietary supplement, possesses antidiabetic effect with hyperglycemia as the major target. These suggest that Gymnema sylvestre and Andrographis paniculata can be used as a potential natural antidiabetic agent for treating and postponing the appearance of complications that arise due to Diabetics. Further studies are in progress to isolate, identify and characterize the active principles.