Blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) is a frequent emergency and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in spite of improved recognition, diagnosis and management. Trauma is the second largest cause of disease accounting for 16% of global burden. The World Health Organization estimates that, by 2020, trauma will be the first or second leading cause of years of productive life lost for the entire world population. This study endeavors to evaluate 71 cases of BAT with stress on early diagnosis and management, increase use of non operative management, and time of presentation of patients. A retrospective analysis of 71 patients of BAT who were admitted in Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences hospital (KIMS, Bangalore, India) within a span of 18 months was done. Demographic data, mechanism of trauma, management and outcomes were studied. Most of the patients in our study were in the age group of 21-30 years with an M:F ratio of 3.7:1. Motor vehicle accident (53%) was the most common mechanism of injury. Spleen (53%) was the commonest organ injured and the most common surgery performed was splenectomy (30%). Most common extra abdominal injury was rib fracture in 20%. Mortality rate was 4%. Wound sepsis (13%) was the commonest complication. Initial resuscitation measures, thorough clinical examination and correct diagnosis forms the most vital part of management. 70% of splenic, liver and renal injuries can be managed conservatively where as hollow organs need laparotomy in most of the cases. The time of presentation of patients has a lot to do with outcome. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment can save many lives.

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In thoracic lesions, early diagnosis and sorting out into malignant- benign is important regarding the therapeutic decisions and prognosis. Ultrasound guided Transthoracic needle aspiration (TTNA) and Corebiopsy (CNB) are described to be safe accurate high yielding means of diagnosis. The study aims to determine the yield and safety of TTNA in peripheral intrathoracic mass lesions. Study was conducted in government teaching institution in Kerala. Patients with intrathoracic peripheral mass lesions which were visualized by USG were subjected to TTNA, and sent for cytopathology. The patients with inconclusive results were subjected to either USG guided or CT guided CNB. The patients were followed up till a conclusive diagnosis obtained. The results were classified as conclusive /definitive or inconclusive. Diagnostic yield and complication rate calculated.USG guided TTNA had an overall diagnostic yield of 65.5%,with 72.15% yield in malignancy. It had high diagnostic yield in lung carcinoma(82.3%) and was a safe procedure with complication rate of 3% only.Combined with USG guided CNB, the overall yield became 86.66% with a cumulative yield of 91.13% in malignancy with no increase in complication rate. Ultrasound guided TTNA is a safe procedure with good yield in peripheral lung malignancies.Ultrasound guided transthoracic needle aspiration and core cut together has a high diagnostic yield in peripheral intrathoracic masses and is accurate in differentiating malignant and benign lesion with a good safety profile.