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Engine start is a very crucial phase in the operation of automotive engines, the starter motor plays a vital role in this short transient period. However, a complete exhaustive model of the combined engine starter system has not appeared to date in open literature. As a typical mechanical and electric device relating to efficiency, safety to passenger car start and process, passenger car starting system based on integrated control method by electronic control unit (ECU). By using Lead acid battery or recent Absorbent Glass Material battery (AGM) how the battery behavior is studied by measuring peak current including cold cranking ampere (CCA).This paper discusses an approach to develop electronic control unit based starting system to reduce the internal resistance of the battery due to overloading, failure of mechanical components of starter motor and pitting of electrical contacts of solenoid switch.

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Managing and estimating the availability information of parking lots is of great importance to travelers and managers. However, the task is very challenging since the occupancy rate is affected by various factors, including spatial-temporal features, parking lot attributes features, and environmental changes. Previous studies mostly focus on the short-term prediction by capturing the historical sequential dependencies among inputs and outputs, which leads to low estimation accuracy for long-term prediction and limited scalability for real deployment in parking lots. To address the challenges, a comprehensive framework for real-time Smart Parking Data Management and Prediction (SPDMP) system is proposed. Three types of data sources, including historical sequential data, real-time sequential data, and attributes category data, are sufficiently integrated into a customized Parking Availability Prediction (PAP) neural network by representation learning and heterogeneous feature embedding. Specifically, instead of using parking lot property information and environmental data directly, the authors design an Attributes Tensor Embedding Component (ATEC) to integrate the intra-class affection and interclass representations and correlations by two steps of customized embedding process. To balance the impact of the indiscriminate features for various