OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the degree to which actual fatness and negative self-esteem might be linked to dietary restraint in childhood. METHOD: Subjects were 426 boys and 319 girls, aged 10.6 y ( AE 1 y). Forty-nine children were overweight ( b 30%) and 149 subjects were in the category`moderately overweight' (10 ± 30% overweight). Measures of self-esteem and dietary restraint were used in the analyses. RESULTS: Dietary restraint was observable in all weight groups and signi®cantly more in girls. Boys and girls with an existing fatness problem showed more dietary restraint. Weight status, not self-esteem, turned out to be the best predictor of dietary restraint. DISCUSSION: Because there were good reasons to expect side-effects of the observed dietary restraint in obese children in the long term, valuable alternatives like changes in the life-style and interventions that enhance body image and self-esteem were recommended.