Выбор типа конструкции уплотняющих машин зависит от многих факторов: вида уплотняемого материала (грунт, щебень, гравий, шлак, скальные крупнообломочные грунты, асфальтобетон, бетон); состояние грунта (оптимальной влажности, переувлажненные, водонасыщение, насыпные, просадочные); толщины уплотняемых слоев (послойное уплотнение тонкими слоями, уплотнение сразу на всю толщину отсыпки до проектной отметки) и условий работы машины (стесненные условия, широкий фронт работ). В статье представлена конструкция агрегата для глубинного трамбования грунта, разработанная специалистами института гидродинамики «Сибирское отделение российской академия наук» (СО РАН) и его конструкторско-технологического филиала. На основе оценки достоинств и недостатков агрегата для глубинного трамбования грунта предложено новое техническое решение на основе конусного раскатчика, обеспечивающее более благоприятные условия для удаления воздуха из массива уплотняемого материала. Представлена математическая модель конусного раскатчика с использованием метода разложения периодической функции в ряд Фурье, с помощью который определилась постоянная сила и сумма гармонических сил в процессе работы конусного рабочего органа. Главным рабочим органом машины для конусной раскатки грунтовых оснований автомобильных дорог являются катки с переменным диаметром по высоте. При качении рабочий орган воздействует на уплотняемую поверхность в узкой зоне, в центре которой сжимающее усилие будет максимальным, а по краям уплотняющей зоны оно уменьшается до нуля. Рассмотрены конструкции физической модели конусного раскатчика в виде одного катка и самоцентрирующийся рабочий орган с несколькими катками. Ключевые слова: уплотнение материалов, устройство для уплотнения, глубинное трамбование, конусный раскатчик, прецессирующий вал.
The article is devoted to the method of designing a cone roller for deep compaction of soil used as the working body of a crawler excavator. One of the most important design parameters of a cone roll is the angle of the cone. Known methods allow determining the cone angle for other technological tasks, for example, for loosening frozen soil, and cannot be directly applied to solve the problem. The authors propose an original method for selecting rational parameters of a cone roller head, including the angle of the cone. The method uses a mathematical model of the interaction of a cone roller with compacted soil. In the process of solving the mathematical model are the following parameters: the dependence of the area of the lateral surface of a cone, the dependence of the volume of displaced soil on the contact surface of the cone from the contact patch, the total force, cone force acting on the ground torsional, and axial force in the implementation of the cone, applied by the excavator boom. To identify the optimal value of the cone angle, the function of the volume of displaced soil from the cone angle and the axial force during penetration from the cone angle was studied. As a result, it is determined that the optimal angle of the cone is 240, which will provide the greatest efficiency according to the performance / cost criterion.
Introduction. The road-building machines and mechanisms are always improved depending on the tasks formed in the specific operating conditions of these machines. One of the problems of road construction in difficult climatic conditions is the lack of ground base strength, which results in road surface deformation during operation and periodic traffic restrictions, increasing the cost of maintenance. The road surface annual repair does not fundamentally solve the problem of the roads’ long-term and reliable performance. This problem can be solved by modernizing, for example, a working body for soil compaction based on a crawler excavator. Research aim is to develop a mathematical model for determining the dynamic characteristics of a cone reamer’s effective design to ensure deep compaction of soil foundations for highways and industrial and civil facilities. Research methodology is based on a system analysis of the basic tracked vehicle, the working body, and the compacted soil. The research methods also include mathematical modeling of the cone working body interaction with the soil. Results reliability is confirmed by comparing the results of numerical modeling and experimental studies. The discrepancy between the obtained results of mathematical modeling and laboratory tests in terms of torque and power does not exceed 7–10%. Conclusions. A method for determining the dynamic characteristics of cone devices is developed, and calculation formulas are derived for determining the tilting moment and torque that are applied to the shaft when compacting soils with different characteristics. Experimental studies have been conducted 70 "Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal". No. 3. 2021 ISSN 0536-1028 that have shown the efficiency of this working body. The developed method for determining the dynamic characteristics of cone devices is experimentally confirmed.
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