Human action recognition has attracted considerable research attention in the field of computer vision, especially for classroom environments. However, most relevant studies have focused on one specific behavior of students. Therefore, this paper proposes a student behavior recognition system based on skeleton pose estimation and person detection. First, consecutive frames captured with a classroom camera were used as the input images of the proposed system. Then, skeleton data were collected using the OpenPose framework. An error correction scheme was proposed based on the pose estimation and person detection techniques to decrease incorrect connections in the skeleton data. The preprocessed skeleton data were subsequently used to eliminate several joints that had a weak effect on behavior classification. Second, feature extraction was performed to generate feature vectors that represent human postures. The adopted features included normalized joint locations, joint distances, and bone angles. Finally, behavior classification was conducted to recognize student behaviors. A deep neural network was constructed to classify actions, and the proposed system was able to identify the number of students in a classroom. Moreover, a system prototype was implemented to verify the feasibility of the proposed system. The experimental results indicated that the proposed scheme outperformed the skeleton-based scheme in complex situations. The proposed system had a 15.15% higher average precision and 12.15% higher average recall than the skeleton-based scheme did.

This study integrated geographic information systems (GIS), location-based services (LBS), mobile augmented reality (MAR), and information related to corporate mobile marketing to create an app for tourists using Android and iPhone systems. The proposed system provides an intuitive information interface capable of augmenting one's experience in the real world with elements of virtual reality, social networking services, and mobile tour guide functions. The goal was to provide tourists with access to information on tourist attractions, local culture, scenery, and shopping. The proposed tourist information system integrates information and communications technology (ICT) with tourism projects promoted by the Tourism Bureau and the Ministry of Economic Affairs as well as mobile marketing provided by 500 local businesses. The integration of a GIS-based computing engine and a corporate management framework ensures the provision of highly accurate mobile marketing information.