Pulmonary aspergilloma is caused by colonization and proliferation of Aspergillus in the preexisting cavities in lungs. Diagnosis of pulmonary aspergilloma is usually made based on chest X-ray findings, presence of serum precipitins against aspergillus and sputum culture. Bronchoscopic visualization of aspergilloma is very infrequent and more over calcification is rarely seen. We report a case of pulmonary aspergilloma, which was both calcified and visualized endoluminally during bronchoscopy.

Pulmonary actinomycosis is an important differential diagnosis in patients with long-standing pulmonary infiltrates related to poor oral hygiene or compromised immune function. Up to a quarter of cases of thoracic actinomycosis are misdiagnosed as lung malignancy. Here, we report a 56-year-old man with a hypodense lesion in the left lower lobe presenting with recurrent massive haemoptysis for about one year. He underwent left lower lobe lobectomy due to intractable haemoptysis. Histopathological examination demonstrated actinomycosis infiltrating the left lower lobe. Rarity of the case was the presence of actinomycosis in an immunocompetent individual and without underlying preexisting lung disease. Also, intractable massive haemoptysis necessitating surgical excision which proved to be both diagnostic and curative due to actinomycosis is an unusual occurrence.

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