Purpose- Risk assessment, risk prioritization and risk responding are vital steps in any risk management process. After risks are identified, traditional approach allows risk experts to define likelihood and impact factors for these risks. Thus, a risk severity can be defined, and risk prioritization can be considered under the budget constraints, i.e., cost of implementing remedial measures. On the other hand, recent events, like digitalization and pandemic, showed that evaluating only these two factors of the risk can be missing. Two important aspects of the risk are suggested to be considered: speed (velocity) and duration. In this study, these two elements are analyzed. Methodology- In the study, following an introduction, COSO models and results of the literature review are analyzed. After a theoretical background and a literature review, a discussion on new aspects of the risk is started. Finally, an imaginary case is used to analyze risks including all aspects. Findings- It is realized that in the academic literature, new aspects of the risk have not been addressed yet. This is the reason why these two aspects defined as missing. At the end, it is concluded that although speed and duration are elements, which directly affect the impact factors, at the same time, these are key determinants of the timing and structure of the risk responses. Additionally, continuous risk assessment can be beneficial for the entities to have more time to respond to the risks. Conclusion- Depending on the findings, it is concluded that all aspects of the risk is needed to be analyzed during risk management processes. The originality of this study stems from the fact that it includes practical suggestions for integrating the concepts of speed and velocity, which are conceptually included into the frameworks. In addition, this study presents a perspective by associating the concepts of agility, resilience, and continuous risk assessment. Keywords: Risk assessment, COSO, risk management, internal control, internal audit. JEL Codes: G32, M42, M19

Exchange rate protected deposit account is a product that came into our lives at the end of 2021 in order to prevent the grievances of deposit and participation account holders as a result of the sharp rise in foreign exchange rates, to prevent fluctuations in exchange rates and to ensure financial stability. Both real and legal persons can benefit from the product in question, the implementation principles of which are determined by the Ministry of Treasury and Finance. The objective of this study is to explain the accounting principles of the transactions made from the exchange rate protected deposit account. For this purpose, journal entries that should be made by both legal customers and banks are explained based on application examples. No study has been found in the national literature on the accounting of transactions related to exchange rate protected deposit accounts by banks. In this sense, it is aimed to contribute to the literature with this study.

Audit report timeliness is not an area that has never been studied before in the academic literature. Although there are very few academic studies on the subject in the national literature, there are some studies in the international literature. This study contributes to the literature in two aspects. First, unlike previous studies, key audit matters were included in the analysis as an independent variable that could affect audit report timeliness. Second, in this study, unlike previous studies, an analysis was carried out by using non-parametric statistical methods instead of regression analysis used in other studies. To the best knowledge, there is no study in the literature that has these features.

Muhasebe hataları, işletmelerin mali tablolarının ve raporlamaların doğru ve güvenilir olmasını engellemekte ve bu verilerden faydalanan ilgili tarafların karar alma süreçlerini olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Muhasebe hatalarından işletmelerin ortak, yönetici ve hissedarlarının yanı sıra finansal tablo kullanıcıları da zarar görmektedir. Ülkemizde en önemli yerel yönetim idarelerinden olan il belediyelerin muhasebe kayıtlarının ve mali tablolarının doğru olması kamu kaynaklarının etkin ve verimli kullanımının takibi açısından son derece önemlidir. Bu amaçla, belediyelerde Sayıştay Başkanlığı tarafından denetim çalışmaları yürütülmektedir. Bu çalışmalarda, mali verilerin ve muhasebe kayıtlarının doğruluğu ve güvenilirliği gözden geçirilmekte ve denetlenen kamu idaresine bir denetim görüşü verilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Sayıştay Başkanlığı tarafından 2015-2020 yılları arasında gerçekleştirilen denetimler sonucu düzenlenen raporlardan hareketle Türkiye’deki il belediyelerinde karşılaşılan muhasebe hatalarının analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ulaşılan sonuçlar özellikle taşınmazlar, katma değer vergisi, mali duran varlıklar ve kıdem tazminatlarına ilişkin farklı tespitlerin il belediyelerinde yoğun şekilde eleştiri konusu yapılan uygulamalar olduğunu göstermektedir.

The aim of this study is to analyze the profitability performances of the BIST manufacturing sub-sectors for the period 2019-2021 using multi-criteria decision making methods. Six profitability criteria consisting of financial ratios were determined and the profitability performances of seven sub-sectors were examined. The weights of the evaluation criteria were calculated with the CRITIC method, and the rankings were carried out using the VIKOR method. According to the results of the study the most important criteria for 2021 is return on equity, the least important criteria is the cost of sales/total revenue. While the most important criteria for 2020 is the gross profit margin, the least important one is the operating profit margin. For 2019, the most important criteria stands out as the operating profit margin, while the least important one is the net profit margin. It was determined that the Chemicals, Petroleum Rubber and Plastic Products sub-sector showed the highest profitability performance for all three years. The lowest performance was the Food, Beverage and Tobacco sub-sector in 2021, and the Non-Metallic Mineral Products in 2020 and 2019. This study differs from other studies in the literature in that it uses the CRITIC based VIKOR method. It is also one of the few studies comparing profitability performances of the manufacturing sub-sectors.