Le syndrome de Prune-Belly (SPB) demeure une malformation congénitale rare et complexe caractérisée par la triade faite d’aplasie ou hypoplasie des muscles de la paroi antérieure de l’abdomen, des atteintes des voies urinaires et des organes génitaux. Cette étude rapporte le cas d’un nouveau-né prématuré macrosome de 36 semaines d’aménorrhées chez qui l’examen clinique à la naissance avait révélé l’hypoplasie bilatérale des muscles de la paroi antérieure de l’abdomen, la cryptorchidie bilatérale et le pied bot varus au membre inferieur gauche. Aucune intervention chirurgicale n’a été effectuée car le nouveau-né était décédé quelques minutes après accouchement dystocique par voie basse. Cette étude souligne l’importance de consultation prénatale et des échographies réalisées par des experts pendant la période gestationnelle, met en évidence l’incidence élevée des malformations congénitales rares dans notre milieu depuis le début de l’année en cours (2022) et en appelle aux autorités sanitaires à s’investir dans les recherches pour trouver des explications à ce phénomène. Mots-clés : Syndrome de Prune-Belly, Cryptorchidie, Abdomen, Lubao, RDC ABSTRACT Prune-Belly syndrome (PBS) remains a rare and complex congenital malformation characterised by the triad of aplasia or hypoplasia of the anterior abdominal wall muscles, urinary tract and genitalia involvement. This study reports the case of a macrosomic preterm infant of 36 weeks of amenorrhoea in whom clinical examination at birth revealed hypoplasia of the muscles of the anterior wall of the abdomen, cryptorchidism and clubfoot varus on left leg. No surgical intervention was performed because the newborn died within minutes of dystocic vaginal delivery. This study underlines the importance of prenatal consultation and ultrasound scans (by specialist) during the gestational period, highlights the high incidence of rare congenital malformations in our environment since the beginning of the current year (2022) and calls on health authorities to invest in research to find explanations for this phenomenon. Keywords: Prune-Belly syndrome, Cryptorchidism, Abdomen, Lubao, DRC

Background: Smoking is a major public health issue, responsible of high morbidity and mortality. The proportion of tobacco use among teenagers and the early age of initiation to tobacco is a disturbing and unacceptable reality. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics associated with smoking among minors aged eight to seventeen. Methods: We conducted a prospective and descriptive cross-sectional study over two weeks, from 18 to 31 May 2014 (Kabinda’s town, DR. Congo). Individuals were interviewed according to the study parameters. The data obtained were analyzed by the software Epi Info 7.1. Results: The smoking prevalence of minors in this study was 20.2% (304 out of 1,506). The profile of the minor smoker was an individual aged 12 to 17 years,the mean age of 14.3 ± 1.5 years, male (37.8% vs. 0.8%), illiterate or Secondary school, living in an incentive environment with low tobacco mobilization and growing pro-tobacco advertising. The age of the first smoking experie is was between 10 and 17 years with a peak at 15 years and a mean age of 14.1 ± 1 year. The age between 13 to 17 years (p<0.0001), male sex (p<0.0001), and being illiterate or in secondary school (p 0.000) were associated with the risk of smoking tobacco. Conclusion: It iy necessary to take measures to force the pressure of the tobacco epidemic (factors and context for tobacco use in children to avoid the harmful consequences of tobacco. Keywords: Children, Smoking, Tobacco, Kabinda, DRC