Tourism is an ancient phenomenon that has developed throughout time; it has changed from a source of entertainment to a source of national income. It reawakens societies culturally, intellectually, and artistically. As a result, developing tourism is a major issue in many countries. Tourist locations are divided into many types, including the archaeological locations that result in heritage tourism, which is considered to be one of the most important components of sustainable tourism. This research tackles an important issue: the absence of clear strategic policies that work on balancing the richness of the architectural and historical heritage in many countries, and the lack of efforts in achieving the optimum utilization of archaeological and heritage sites for developing heritage tourism. This research starts by emphasizing the importance of preserving urban and architectural heritage. Then, it moves to studying the policies used in preserving tourist locations. By applying the descriptive analysis method, it discusses the successful experiences of heritage tourism. Finally, it analyzes these experiences, reaching the conclusions and recommendations. The descriptive analysis method relies on an important research hypothesis; the ideal and efficient use of our cultural heritage is achieved by constructing sustainable restoration of archaeological and heritage sites to achieve sustainable heritage tourism. Everyone involved in investing in it, to enhance its tourist role, should do this. This research benefited from experiments in countries which possess a heritage, in deriving lessons, values and concepts that contribute in achieving an efficient program for the sustainable tourism development, which is based on preserving heritage in the old cities. It must balance between the society's needs, the available resources, the efforts of the executives and the city planning, all while protecting the environment.

Contemporary cities are aiming to deal with architectural and urban heritage as a vital entity that can adapt to the modern life style and needs without sacrificing the region's identity and uniqueness, especially those cities that are historically and culturally profound, which has resulted in the possession of the architectural and urban heritage. Many Islamic cities worldwide are proud of their traditional markets. The market in Islamic cities has revived the city through its presence, while the city has formed the market according to its needs.The main aim of this research is to verify the importance of lessons learned from old traditional markets in Islamic architecture which is characterized by the effective response to their physical environment. This main aim leads to many secondary aims. Firstly, the research aim to explain the relationship between the specialization of goods and the architectural form and general planning of the market, where the perpendicular or broken (bend) axis or any change in direction was an indication of the in change the types of goods. Secondly, the research aim to explore the relationship between the diversity of the physical environment of markets and the diversity of goods and then the diversity of the corridors width and the roofing style, and how this diversity affects shoppers and generates a state of pleasure and social interaction between the market and the shoppers and among the shoppers themselves. This leads to the importance of studying the concept of "traditional markets", resulting in the awareness of the importance of contemporary architecture which is linked to its' historical background and the population's awareness of that important relationship. To fulfill the research aim, this research studies and analyzes some successful effective case studies in the Islamic and the Arab world in an attempt to set a framework to design contemporary markets which have their distinct identity and special characteristics that meet the needs of the community. Based on the research findings and data analysis, the research anticipates setting its conclusions and recommendations.

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Adapting historical city buildings into modern facilities is a basic problem in architecture today. In many large cities, historical centers preserve cultural heritage, including spiritual, cultural, economic, and social capital of irreplaceable value. Because of their importance, these centers must consider the unique characteristics of their surroundings, including harmony of size, spatial composition, architectural environment, facades, and the facilities in general. Disharmony in the architectural design of these centers is evident in the non-compliance of new objects, particularly in historical areas of the city. The restoration, reconstruction, and repair of these historical sites require special knowledge. Experts with this special knowledge can implement modern methods, strategic and operational modes of architecture, and public programs to preserve the historical and cultural values of these sites, thus preserving them for the future, which follows the sustainable development concept. The main conclusion of the research is that unique modern buildings, including novel architectural and constructive elements, can coexist with historical ones by using right policies and methods.

Sustainable design movement in Turkey and across the world mostly focuses on new buildings, with little attention on existing built heritage. Nonetheless, historical building heritage constitutes a majority of the built environment in Turkey. According to the statistics of Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism, there were 106.359 registered immovable cultural heritage in all around Turkey at the end of the year 2017. It is thus important to investigate sustainable development potentials and make suggestions for conserved built heritage. The aim of this research stems from the importance of finding a clear visualization for urban design for cities in the present and future by means of sustainable development, which satisfies the needs of the present and protects the rights of the future. Hence, this manuscript first examines the sustainability potentials of a case study in the 16th century Kursunlu Mosque with its neighbourhood, located in the historic Ulus district in Ankara, Turkey. This research investigates the importance of studying the term 'urban conservation' within the context of historic Ulus area. Although the mosque is nearly walking distance to historic touristic destinations of Ankara such as the Castle, Ahi Elvan and Ahi Serafettin Mosques, Cengel Khan (Museum), Cukur Khan, Safran Khan and Hamamonu area, it does not attract much of the visitors, because of its lack of integrity with the nearby built environment and its restoration necessity. Research methods include literature and archival survey, in-situ observations, and interview with the local community. The analysis reveals urban conservation potentials of the area and sustainable development suggestions for the mosque with its neighbourhood. The major conclusion of the research is that sustainable development suggestions as well as conservation measures of the case study mosque and urban conservation analysis may provide the user and visitor increase and contribute to the revitalization of the building and the neighbourhood area in the long term.