The results suggested a lack of association between the Glu298Asp gene polymorphism and pre-eclampsia without FGR in the Turkish population. But elevated ADMA and SDMA levels suggest that ADMA has a role in the pathogenesis of PE.

Background: Chronic kidney diseases are known to influence nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), though the exact mechanism is still poorly understood. Aims: The purpose of the present study was to examine eNOS Glu298Asp gene polymorphism, plasma NOx and ADMA concentration in subjects with and without End-stage Renal Disease. Study Design: Case-control study. Methods: In this study, genotype distributions of Glu298Asp in exon 7 of the eNOS gene polymorphisms in 130 hemodialysis and 64 peritoneal dialysis patients were compared with 92 controls. NOx was measured by using the Griess reaction while arginine, ADMA and SDMA measurements were performed by HPLC. Genotyping for eNOS Glu298Asp polymorphism was detected with the polymerase chain reaction and/or polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. Results: When the genotype frequencies of TT and GT genes were compared between both groups, there was no detected statistically important difference, eventhough a TT genotype frequency was 27 (20.8%) versus 17 (26.6%), GT heterozygote genotype frequency was 52 (40%) versus 22 (34.4%), and GG homozygote genotype frequency was 51 (39.2%) versus 25 (39.1%), respectively (p>0.05). NOx, SDMA and ADMA concentrations were significantly elevated in subjects with hemodialysis patients as compared to their corresponding controls. Whereas nitrite was found to be significantly decreased in the patient with peritoneal dialysis. Conclusion: Not observed any connection between the Glu298Asp polymorphism in the eNOS gene and end-stage Renal Diseases in our study population under different dialysis treatments. However, higher ADMA and SDMA concentrations in subjects with ESRD support the existing hypothesis that NOx overproduction affects endothelial dysfunction. Thus, the reduction of ADMA and SDMA concentrations might play a protective role in ESRD patients. Keywords: eNOS Glu298Asp, endothelial dysfunction, end-stage renal disease Endothelial dysfunction and impaired regulation of nitric oxide (NO) system has emerged as the characteristics of chronic kidney diseases (CKD). The accumulation of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) plays a role in the impairment regulation of NO in these patients; however, the mechanism of these disorders is not clear. Increased levels of ADMA and NO bioavailability reduction play a vital role in the pathogenesis of many diseases like coronary atherosclerosis, CKD or diabetes mellitus (1). Morever, accumulation of reactive oxygen species by the increasing NO leads to atherogenesis, hence a over production may also damage cells and tissues (2).Oxidative stress has a very considerable role in the endothelial dysfunction, vascular damage and in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Some of these mechanisms are associated with the oxidative inactivation of NO production and the inhibition of NO synthase activity by free oxygen radicals

Aims:This study aims to investigate the effects of intravitreal octreotide on the growth factors, which have significant roles in the pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR).Settings and Design:An experimental trial.Materials and Methods:21 guinea pigs were randomly assigned to form 3 groups each including 7 animals. In group 1 (the control group), 0.2 ml saline solution was applied intravitreally in a location of 1.5 mm behind the limbus. In group 2 (the sham group), 0.07 IU dispase in 0.1 ml and 0.1 ml saline solution were applied via the same route. The guinea pigs in group 3 (the treatment group) were applied 0.07 IU dispase in 0.1 ml and 1 mg octreotide in 0.1 ml via the same route. Octreotide injection was applied twice during the period of 10 weeks of the experiment. At the end of the 10 weeks, eyes were enucleated and retinal homogenates were prepared. The platelet derivated growth factor (PDGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF 1) and transforming growth factor (TGF ß) levels in homogenized retina tissue were measured by Enzyme Linked-Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) method.Statistical Analysis Used:Kruskal-Wallis variance analysis and Mann-Whitney U test.Results:In the treatment group, a significant decrease was observed in retinal PDGF levels (P < 0.01) while decreases in TGF ß and IGF 1 levels were not found to be significant (P > 0.05).Conclusions:Intravitreally applied octreotide at a dose of 1 mg has a highly strong effect on PDGF. This study suggests that intravitreal octreotide may suppress PVR development and that octreotide may merit investigation for PVR prophylaxis.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease with a high incidence of morbidity and mortality lowering the quality of life with acute and chronic complications and it needs to be followed up and treated throughout the lifespan. Concordant with the frequency of DM and the increase in the length of life frequency of DNP is also increased. The I allele of the ACE I/D polymorphism, AGT M235T's T allele and ADD G460W's W allele presence are purported to present a predisposition to DNP. In our study we aimed to investigate the effect of the AGT M235T, ACE I/D and ADD 460W polymorphisms in the development of DNP in patients with diabetes mellitus. The study group consisted of 194 patients with Diabetic nephropathy and the control group contained 100 DM patients. In the diabetic group the DD genotype of the ACE I/D polymorphism was 54 (54.0%) and the D allele was 69.0% and in the nephropathy group II genotype of the ID were 78 (40.2%) and 51 (26.3%) and the I allele was 46.4 respectively and the presence of the I allele was associated with the presence of nephropathy. There was no significance between the genotypes in the presence of a coexistence of AGT M235T and ACE I/D polymorphisms between the groups the MD alleles (42%) demonstrated significance in the diabetic and the T/I alleles (28.1) demonstrated significance in the nephropathy group. In the ADD G640W polymorphism on its own, subjects having GG (77.3%) and WW (7.7%) genotypes (p=0.025) might have been predisposed to nephropathy however when in combination with the ACE I/D, the presence of the DD/GG (45%) in the diabetic group and the presence of the ID/GG (29.9%) and II/GG (19.6%) combination in the DNP group were statistically significant. The D/G (64%) alleles were significant in the diabetic and the I/G (36.6) alleles were significant in the DNP groups respectively. As a conclusion we think that the II-ID/GG genotype and the I/G alleles in the presence of the ACE-ADD combination and TT/ID genotype and T/I alleles in the ACE-AGT combination may be effective in the predisposition of the diabetic patients to nephropathy.