No abstract

In this study, we empirically investigate the long-run relationships between education-health expenditures, defence expenditures and economic growth in Turkey by using annual time-series data for the time period 1950-2005. To estimate these relationships, we use the cointegration method, which allows for the existence of structural breaks. The results show that there are two cointegrating vectors in the system with statistically significant structural breaks. According to the identified long-run equations, education and health expenditures affect economic growth positively, while defence expenditures have negative effects. In addition, the results show that there is a budgetary trade-off between education-health and defence expenditures.

No abstract

Wheat, Co-integration, Market integration, Law of one price, Structural breaks,

Today, social media offer political actors (i.e., politicians, political parties, NGOs, activists) opportunities for political communication, particularly during election periods. Political parties and candidates use social media tools such as Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube comprehensively to convey their messages to large audiences, persuade their voters, and mobilize their supporters. The use of social media causes changes in the nature of election campaigns and paves the way for a "co-generated campaign." However, studies focusing on the experiences of political actors' use of social media in the campaigns at the subnational level (regional or local) are rare in the relevant literature. In this context, this chapter aims to analyze the net effect of Twitter on the election success of the candidates in the 2014 local elections in Turkey. Findings of our analysis show that when other variables are fixed, candidates with a Twitter account have 4.5 times greater chance of winning the election than those without an account.