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Background. Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common human cancer worldwide. In the progression of prostate cancer, the total number of macrophages in the tumor tissue is associated with poor prognosis and increased risk of metastasis. However, the heterogeneity of intratumoral macrophages at various stages of PCa development, and the role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have been insuffciently investigated.The aim of the study was to analyze the morphological features, size and number of TAMs in PCa tissue samples, and to reveal their correlation with clinical data of patients.Material and Methods. Immunohistochemical analysis of 36 paraffn blocks of patients with PCa (pT2a–3bN0–1M0) was performed using antibodies to the scavenger receptor CD68.Results. Foamy CD68+ macrophages were found in the tumor tissue. The indicator “number of macrophages per total number of felds of view with macrophages” was the lowest in patients with a Gleason score of 6 (5.8) (11.0 – in patients with a Gleason score ≥ 8). Macrophages formed larger clusters in patients with severe PCa. Small but not large macrophages were signifcantly more common in patients with lymph node metastases (48 vs 24 in the N0 group; p=0.14). The number of small macrophages (smaller than 100 µm2) increased in a series of patients with Gleason scores of 6, 7 and ≥ 8 (24, 47.5, 72, respectively, p=0.052).Conclusion. As the tumor process progressed and the risk of biochemical recurrence increased, there was a trend towards an increase in the total area of large, foamy TAMs, presumably rich in lipids, as well as wider distribution of small macrophages with a tendency to form clusters. We hypothesize that foamy macrophages are involved in the further recruitment of small TAMs, subsequently leading to metastasis and tumor progression.

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Aims: study of the composition of lyophilic substances in the raw materials of Crataegus rivularis Nutt. Study Design: experimental laboratory studies of dry plant materials. Place and Duration of Study: Bashkir State Medical University, Izhevsk State Medical Academy, Volga Research Medical University and Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences from August 2021 to May 2022. Methodology: Using gas chromatography with a mass-selective detector, lipophilic fractions of the fruits, shoots, flowers, leaves and fruits of riverine hawthorn, harvested in 2021 in the South Ural Botanical Garden-Institute, were studied. Results: In general, the shoots and leaves of Crataegus rivularis accumulate compounds of the class of steroids, phytosterols, terpenoids, saponins and phenolic compounds, which suggests that the raw material may have additional pharmacological properties, such as hypocholesterolemic and antioxidant. Conclusion: The results obtained show the good prospects for further studies of the composition of hawthorn extracts to expand the possibilities of phytotherapy.