Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous, synthetic anthropogenic chemicals known to infiltrate and persist in biological systems as a result of their stability and bioaccumulation potential. This study investigated 15 PFAS, including short-chain carboxylic and sulfonic acids, and their presence in a threatened herbivore, the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus). Seven of the 15 PFAS examined were detected in manatee plasma.Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) (ranging from 0.13 to 166 ng/g ww) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) (ranging from 0.038 to 3.52 ng/g ww) were detected in every manatee plasma sample examined (n = 69), with differing medians across sampling sites in Florida, Crystal River (n = 39), Brevard County (n = 18), Everglades National Park (n = 8), and four samples (n = 4) from Puerto Rico. With an herbivorous diet and long life-span, the manatee provides a new perspective to monitoring PFAS contamination.

The proposed designation of a neotype for Turbo trochiformis Born, 1778 -Trochvs conchyliophorus Born, 1780, is in connection with revisory work of the familygroup Xenophoridae for the Treatiseof In vertebrate Paleontology and in connection with monographic studies on the fossil Mollusca of the Eocene of southern United States, particularlj^ those of the Ocala group, upper Eocene of Florida. In that fauna several new species of Xenophora are abundantly and unusually preserved. I have been investigating the history and problems of nomenclature of the taxa of the fainilj'-group Xenophoridae for over seven years in an endeavoLu-to provide all data pertinent to the intricacies involved. The material is in manuscript to be published in Palaeontographica Americana, volume 4, No. 31, as well as in the Treatise of Invertebrate Paleontology. Because of my inquiries in 1955 to the Naturhistorisches Museum in Wien, Austria (depository of Musei Caesarei Vindobonensis), regarding the original specimen of Turbo trochiformis Born, 1778. Trochus conchyliophorus Born, 1780, it became known that the type-specimen is not in existence (3 January 1956, per com. F. Bachmayer, see copy of published letter in Palmer, [ZNS 1483] data to Inter. Com. Zool. Nomen.).Dr. Bachmayer searched the collection upon which Born based his descriptions of 1778 and 1780 and in 1956 wrote that the tj^pe was not present. Dr. Bachmayer also stated that the absence was marked by a pencilled note in the book {" Das ist auch im Buche mit Bleistift wahrschienlich von Frederick Brauer vermerkt "), possibly by Brauer, who wrote on the collection in 1878. The conclusion must be that the original shell or shells does or do not exist. There is no other collection in which an original specimen could exist. (Art. 75(c)(3)). No syntypic specimens are found from which a lectotj^e could be selected (Art. 74).Dr. Bachmayer (per com. 3 January 1956) wrote that there was a specimen in the zoological collections [Naturhistorisches Musevun, Wien] which agrees well with the illustration by Bom, 1780, pi. 12, figs. 21, 22. The habitat in Born, 1780 is " Oceano Americano ". Because there is no other living species of Xenophora s.s., in the ocean of America known at the time of Born except the West Atlantic, X. trochiformis (Bom) -X. conchyliophorus (Bom), the shell, spoken of by Bachmayer as agreeing with the illvistration Born, 1780, pi. 12, figs. 21, 22 and is in the zoological collection in the Naturhistorisches Museum, would satisfy the original type-locality. The illustration in Bom, 1780, pi. 12, figs. 21, 22, well displays the characters by which the species could be recognized.Further verification that the original specimen or specimens of Turbo trochiformis Born -(Trochus conchyliophorus Born) is or are lost was received from Dr. Oliver E. Paget, Zoologische Abteilung, Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien, Austria (per com. Dec. 13, 1962). To quote from Dr. Paget 's letter, " In regard to this [specimens of Xenophora trochiformis (Born)] I have to mention that the type-s...

No abstract