No abstract

Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; AS160, AKT substrate of 160 kDa; Cho, cholesterol; DC, the diabetic control group; D + O200, the diabetic group treated with 200 mg/kg; D + M200, the diabetic group treated with the metformin chemical drug; D + Q50, the diabetic group treated with the 50 mg/kg quercetin; GLUT4, glucose transporter type 4; G6P, glucose 6-phosphate; HDL, High-density lipoprotein; HETEs, hydroxyeicosatctraenoic acid; IRs-1, insulin receptor substrate 1; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LOX, lipoxygenase; mTORC2, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2; NC, normal control; okra D + O400, the diabetic group treated with 400 mg/kg okra; PI3K,

Atherosclerosis or plaque build-up in the arteries as one of the serious health problems causes by various conditions such as high blood pressure and high level of cholesterol (1). Recent studies demonstrated remarkable data about the role of oxidative stress in atherosclerosis (1,2). There is an increase on the level of ROS production during cardiovascular diseases (2). The initial step of atherosclerosis is production of free radicals which can induce endothelial cells dysfunction. Oxidation of LDL is the most important cause of oxidative stress. Two most sources of ROS are smooth muscle cells and macrophages (2,3). This fact suggests powerful ability of herbal antioxidant for reducing oxidative stress and risk of oxidative stress-induced atherosclerosis in capable person. Turmeric rhizome has yellow color and uses widely as a spice and for treating different pathogenic conditions such as body pain, intestinal worms, diarrhea, intermittent, fevers, hepatic disorders, biliousness, urinary discharges, dyspepsia, inflammations, constipation, leucoderma and amenorrhea (4-6). Furthermore, the potent effects of turmeric rhizome are related to its