Purpose: To investigate the incidence, characteristics, and risk factors of sports-related eye injuries among athletes in Tianjin, China.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from March 2018 to October 2018. In this study, the athletes from Tianjin University of Sports, Tianjin Vocational College of Sports, and Tianjin provincial sports teams were selected for general investigation. In total, 1,673 athletes were invited and 1,413 participated in the study (response rate of 84.5%).Results: In total, 1,413 athletes were enrolled; 151 had suffered from sports-related eye injuries, with an incidence of 10.7% (95% CI: 9.1–12.0%). Handball (38.5%) was the sport with the highest incidence of eye injuries, followed by water polo (36.4%) and diving (26.7%). Overall, 42.4% of the athletes were injured by ball and 22.5% of injuries came from teammates. The eye injuries usually occurred during training (64.2%) and competitions (14.6%). Adnexa wound (51.7%) was the most common type of injury. About 11.9% of the athletes with eye injuries had the impaired vision; 66.7% failed to see doctors on time. The athletes <18 years of age had a higher risk of eye injuries (odds ratio [OR] =1.60, 95% CI: 1.06–2.40). The athletes with lower family income (<1,000 RMB) were at risk population for sports-related eye injuries (OR = 3.91, 95% CI: 2.24–6.82). Training >4 h a day increased the risk of eye injuries (OR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.42–3.43).Conclusion: The incidence of sports-related eye injuries among athletes was 10.7% in Tianjin, China. Handball, water polo, and diving were the most common activities of injury. Age, family income, and training time were the risk factors for sports-related eye injuries.

Band keratopathy (BK) is a common complication in aphakic eyes with silicone oil tamponade for open-globe injury (OGI), characterized by the grayish-white opacities in the cornea, resulting in a significantly decreased vision when extending to the visual axis. To identify the risk factors for BK in aphakic eyes following vitreoretinal surgical treatment with silicone oil tamponade for OGIs, we performed a multicenter case-control study. The incidence of BK was 28% (28/100 eyes). The multivariate binary logistic regression revealed the silicone oil retention time (SORT) ≥6 months and zone III injury were significant risk factors for BK. From the hierarchical interaction, SORT ≥6 months had a significant risk for BK in eyes with rupture, aniridia, and zone III injury, while zone III injury had a significant risk for BK in eyes with rupture, incomplete/complete iris, and SORT ≥6 months. By using restricted cubic splines with three knots at the 25th, 50th, and 75th centiles to model the association of SORT with BK, we also found a marked increase in the risk for BK at ≥10 months and a slow increase after 6 months, but almost stable within 4–6 months.

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Purpose To investigate the relationship between age of myopia onset and high myopia; To explore if age of onset mediates the associations of high myopia with parental myopia and time spent on electronics. Design: Case-control study Methods This retrospective study enrolled myopic patients aged 18 to 40 years at Tianjin Airport Medical Examination Center. Information on age of myopia onset and other risk factors was obtained via a detailed questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression and linear regression models were utilized to assess age of onset in relation to high myopia and spherical equivalent refractive error, respectively. Structural equation models examined the mediated effect of onset age on the association between parental myopia, time spent on electronics and high myopia. Results An early age at myopia onset was negatively correlated with spherical equivalent refractive power. Subjects who developed myopia before the age of 12 were more likely to suffer from high myopia than those who developed myopia after the age of 15. Age of myopia onset was the strongest predictor of high myopia, with an area under the curve (AUC) in Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) analysis of 0.80. Conceptualized structural equation model supported the hypothesized mediation. Specifically, parental myopia and time spent on electronics predicted myopia onset age, and an earlier onset age was associated with increased probability of developing high myopia in adulthood. Conclusions Age of myopia onset might be the single best predictor for high myopia, and age at onset appeared to mediate the associations of high myopia with parental myopia and time spent on electronics.

Introduction: We aimed to assess the association of physical activity (PA) with retinal thickness and vascular structure in an elderly Chinese population. Methods: This study enrolled 220 retirees aged 50 years and above from Tianjin University of Sport, China. PA data gathered through the International Physical Activity Questionnaires were computed for metabolic equivalent of task-minutes per week. All participants underwent full ophthalmic examination including optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Multiple linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the association of PA with retinal thickness and vascular structure. Results: A high amount of total PA was associated with smaller size of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) (high vs. low: area, β=-0.04; circumference β=-0.14) and greater central vessel (VD) (β=1.04) and perfusion densities (PD) (β=0.02). For domain-specific PA, participants with high and moderate recreational PA levels were found to have greater central VDs and PDs. Non-leisure activities demonstrated negative relationship with FAZ perimeter ratio (moderate vs. low: β=-0.08; high vs. low: β=-0.13) and, counter-intuitively, negative relation with VDs measured at the inner (high vs. low: β=-0.98) and outer retinal layers (high vs. low: β=-0.38). Additionally, higher levels of total PA were related to increased macular fovea thickness and average thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer. Conclusions: High PA level, particularly recreational PA, was associated with smaller FAZ and greater VD and PD in senior adults. Non-leisure time PA might not confer the same health benefits as leisure time PA. Our data supports a possible protective role of recreational PA in the retina against microvascular changes.