This is the second of a series of papers dealing with an analog in Arakelov geometry of the holomorphic Lefschetz fixed point formula. We use the main result [KR2, Th. 4.4] of the first paper to prove a residue formula "à la Bott" for arithmetic characteristic classes living on arithmetic varieties acted upon by a diagonalisable torus; recent results of BismutGoette on the equivariant (Ray-Singer) analytic torsion play a key role in the proof. / Cet article est le second d'une série d'articles dont l'objet est un analogue en géométrie d'Arakelov de la formule du point fixe de Lefschetz holomorphe. Nous utilisons le résultat principal [KR2, Th. 4.4] du premier article pour prouver une formule des résidus "à la Bott" pour des classes caractéristiques vivant sur des variétés arithmétiques munis d'une action de tore; de récents résultats de Bismut-Goette sur la torsion analytiqueéquivariante (de Ray-Singer) joue un rôle clé dans la preuve.

Nitrate leaching depending on N fertilization and different crop rotations was studied at two sites with sandy soils in N Germany between 1995 and 2000. The leaching of NO À 3 was calculated by using a numerical soil-water and N model and regularly measured N min values as input data. Also the variability of N min values on the sandy soils was determined along transects. They reveal the high variability of the N min values and show that it is not possible to confirm a significant N min difference between fertilizer treatments using the normal N min -sampling intensity. Nitrate-leaching calculations of five leaching periods showed that even strongly reduced N-fertilizer applications did not result in a substantially lower NO À 3 leaching into the groundwater. Strong yield reductions of even more than 50%, however, were immediately measured. Mean NO À 3 concentrations in the groundwater recharge are >50 mg L -1 and are mainly due to mineralization from soil organic matter. Obviously, the adjustment of the N cycle in the soil to a new equilibrium and a reduced NO À 3 -leaching rate as a consequence of lower N inputs need a much longer time span. Catch crops are the most efficient way to reduce the NO À 3 concentrations in the groundwater recharge of sandy soils. Their success, however, strongly depends on the site-specific development possibilities of the catch crop. Even with all possible measures implemented, it will be almost impossible to reach NO À 3 concentrations <50 mg L -1 in sandy soils. The only way to realize this goal on a regional scale could be by increasing areas with lower nitrate concentrations in the groundwater recharge like grassland and forests.

Background: Recently, changes have been introduced to the diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Objectives:This study investigated the effect of the diagnostic changes made from DSM-IV to DSM-5 and from ICD-10 to the proposed ICD-11. The concordance of provisional PTSD prevalence between the diagnostic criteria was examined in a convenience sample of 100 members of the German Armed Forces. Method: Based on questionnaire measurements, provisional PTSD prevalence was assessed according to DSM-IV, DSM-5, ICD-10, and proposed ICD-11 criteria. Consistency of the diagnostic status across the diagnostic systems was statistically evaluated. Results: Provisional PTSD prevalence was the same for DSM-IV and DSM-5 (both 56%) and comparable under DSM-5 versus ICD-11 proposal (48%). Agreement between DSM-IV and DSM-5, and between DSM-5 and the proposed ICD-11, was high (both p < .001). Provisional PTSD prevalence was significantly increased under ICD-11 proposal compared to ICD-10 (30%) which was mainly due to the deletion of the time criterion. Agreement between ICD-10 and the proposed ICD-11 was low (p = .014). Conclusion: This study provides preliminary evidence for a satisfactory concordance between provisional PTSD prevalence based on the diagnostic criteria for PTSD that are defined using DSM-IV, DSM-5, and proposed ICD-11. This supports the assumption of a set of PTSD core symptoms as suggested in the ICD-11 proposal, when at the same time a satisfactory concordance between ICD-11 proposal and DSM was given. The finding of increased provisional PTSD prevalence under ICD-11 proposal in contrast to ICD-10 can be of guidance for future epidemiological research on PTSD prevalence, especially concerning further investigations on the impact, appropriateness, and usefulness of the time criterion included in ICD-10 versus the consequences of its deletion as proposed for ICD-11.

The origin of life might be sparked by the polymerization of the first RNA molecules in Darwinian ponds during wet-dry cycles. The key life-building block ribose was found in carbonaceous chondrites. Its exogenous delivery onto the Hadean Earth could be a crucial step toward the emergence of the RNA world. Here, we investigate the formation of ribose through a simplified version of the formose reaction inside carbonaceous chondrite parent bodies. Following up on our previous studies regarding nucleobases with the same coupled physico-chemical model, we calculate the abundance of ribose within planetesimals of different sizes and heating histories. We perform laboratory experiments using catalysts present in carbonaceous chondrites to infer the yield of ribose among all pentoses (5Cs) forming during the formose reaction. These laboratory yields are used to tune our theoretical model that can only predict the total abundance of 5Cs. We found that the calculated abundances of ribose were similar to the ones measured in carbonaceous chondrites. We discuss the possibilities of chemical decomposition and preservation of ribose and derived constraints on time and location in planetesimals. In conclusion, the aqueous formose reaction might produce most of the ribose in carbonaceous chondrites. Together with our previous studies on nucleobases, we found that life-building blocks of the RNA world could be synthesized inside parent bodies and later delivered onto the early Earth.