Background and Objective: Periodontitis is immune inflammatory disease, atherosclerosis (AS) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are two common systemic diseases.Periodontitis promotes AS and CKD, and CKD interacts with AS. The objective of this animal study was to evaluate the changes of kidney when periodontitis and atherosclerosis exist separately and the degenerative effects of periodontitis on the kidney in atherosclerotic mice. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 male Apoe−/− mice were randomly divided into four groups: control (NC), periodontitis (PD), AS and AS with PD (AS + PD). AS was induced by high-fat diet feeding, and PD was induced by injection of Porphyromonas gingivalis-Lipopolysaccharide (P.g-LPS) (endotoxin suspension) into the buccal side of mouse maxillary molars. The right maxilla of mice was scanned with micro-CT to evaluate alveolar bone loss; aortic tissue was stained with HE and Oil-Red O to evaluate arterial plaque formation; serum was collected to detect the changes of blood lipids and serum renal function parameters (blood urea nitrogen [BUN], serum creatinine [Scr]); renal histopathological changes were evaluated by HE staining (glomerular and tubular damage scores), PAS staining (glomerular Mesangial matrix index) and Masson staining (percentage of renal fibrosis area); qRT-PCR and ELISA were used to evaluate the expression of renal inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factorα, Interleukin-1β, neutrophil surface marker Ly6G). Results:The amount of alveolar bone loss: PD group was significantly higher than NC group (p < .05); AS + PD group was higher than PD group, the difference was not statistically significant. Atherosclerotic plaque formation and serum lipid changes: AS group were significantly worse than NC group (p < .05), and AS + PD group were worse than AS group. The results of the corresponding qualitative and quantitative analyses of kidney tissue in experimental animals gradually deteriorated in the NC group, PD group, AS group and AS + PD group and worsened sequentially. Renal function parameters: the content of BUN in AS group was higher than that in PD group, the difference was not statistically significant; Scr in AS group was significantly higher than that in PD group (p < .05); the contents of BUN and Scr in AS + PD group were higher than those

Poor oral health is the most immediate and overlooked hazard of methamphetamine abuse in humans. Previous studies have reported methamphetamine-associated alterations in saliva microbiota, but the cause of methamphetamine-induced alterations in the oral microenvironment remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the alterations in dental plaque microbiota in methamphetamine users, and to explore their relationship with local immune inflammation in the oral cavity. This may provide new ideas on the development of methamphetamine-related oral microenvironment changes. Questionnaires and samples were obtained from 30 female methamphetamine users and 15 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Microbial profiles of supragingival dental plaque were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Inflammatory factors in saliva were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Methamphetamine users had worse oral self-evaluation. Compared with healthy controls, methamphetamine users showed no differences in oral dental plaque microbial diversity but exhibited differences in the relative abundance of several microbial taxa. At the phylum level, a higher abundance of Proteobacteria and a lower abundance of Firmicutes were detected in methamphetamine users. Moreover, function prediction using the MetaCyc database showed that 33 pathways were significantly upregulated in methamphetamine users; Only the glycolytic (Pyrococcus) pathway was enriched in the C group. Importantly, salivary inflammatory factors showed complex significant associations with bacterial genera in methamphetamine users. Specifically, the genus Neisseria was positively correlated with IL-17 levels in saliva, and both were high in methamphetamine users. In contrast, the genus Streptococcus, with a lower abundance, was positively correlated with lower IL-10 levels. Overall, This study is the first to provide evidence for a link between altered dental plaque microbiota and salivary inflammation in methamphetamine users. Further elucidation of the interactions between methamphetamine use and oral microenvironment would be beneficial for appropriate interventions to improve oral health.