Purpose To investigate the risk factors of recurrence of atrial fibrillation(AF) after radiofrequency ablation in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis with persistent atrial fibrillation. Methods From January 2015 to December 2018, patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation of rheumatic mitral stenosis complicated with persistent atrial fibrillation were collected. The patients were divided into sinus rhythm group(Group SR) and atrial fibrillation recurrence group (Group AR). collecting the data of preoperative echocardiography LV,LA,RA,RV,EF and gender, age, whether to combine diabetes, hypertension, etc. logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for atrial fibrillation recurrence. Results The success rate of 1 year after radiofrequency ablation was 76.8%. there was no difference in LV, LA, RV, RA, EF, and gender, age, diabetes, hypertension between the two groups, and there were no independent risk factors for recurrence of AF after radiofrequency ablation. Conclusion Rheumatic mitral stenosis with persistent atrial fibrillation has good therapeutic effect in patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation during valve replacement. LV, LA, RV, RA, EF, gender, age, diabetes, hypertension are not independent risk factors for recurrence of atrial fibrillation.