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Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the most common histological subtype of kidney cancer, shows poor prognosis, and non-sensitivity to radiotherapy or chemotherapy. The lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 12 (SNHG12) has been revealed to play a carcinogenic role in various neoplasms, but the underlying mechanism in ccRCC is still unclear. To explore the potential role of SNHG12 in ccRCC, the data downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) Data Portal was used to compare the expression of SNHG12 in tumors and adjacent normal tissues. MRNA microarray and quantitative real-time PCR revealed that SNHG12 was overexpressed in the ccRCC tissues and cell lines. Functional inhibition of SNHG12 suppressed the viability and mobility of ccRCC cells. Mechanistically, dual luciferase assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay showed that miR-129-5p could bind to SNHG12 directly. There was a negative relationship between SNHG12 and miR-129-5p. What's more, we used bioinformatics-based prediction software to predict the target genes of miR-129-5p. Through data analysis and experimental verification, we found MDM4, a regulatory factor in p53 pathway, was involved in this ceRNA network. Our findings demonstrated that SNHG12 served as a sponge for miR-129-5p to regulate the expression of MDM4 and p53 pathway in the development of ccRCC.

Objectives We aimed to determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) during the peri‐ and postpartum period in women from Nanjing, China, and estimate its risk factors. Methods From January to December 2018, a total of 6500 postpartum women were enrolled and asked to complete the questionnaires. Of these, 6370 (98%) women returned the questionnaires with valid responses. Additional data were collected, including age, height, weight, gestation time and parity, and neonatal weight. The International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire‐Urinary Incontinence Short Form was used. Surface electromyography (sEMG) and a biofeedback training system were used as a testing platform, and PESEMG values were obtained. Results The prevalence of UI during pregnancy and at 6 weeks postpartum in women was 29.76% and 12.50%, respectively. The prevalence of stress UI (SUI), urge UI (UUI), mixed UI (MUI), and other types of UI that developed during pregnancy was 25.48%, 1.66%, 1.65%, and 0.97%, respectively. The prevalence of SUI, UUI, MUI, and other types of UI at 6 weeks postpartum was 8.49%, 2.07%, 1.16%, and 0.77%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that advanced age, greater postpartum body mass index (BMI), macrosomia, multiparity, and vaginal delivery were risk factors of postpartum UI. Women with mild degree of UI in pregnancy, those who had undergone cesarean section, and those without UI before pregnancy were relieved from UI at 6 weeks postpartum. Conclusions The rate of UI in peri‐ and postpartum women from Nanjing is consistent across China. The most common type of UI was SUI, with many risk factors affecting its occurrence. Advanced age, greater postpartum BMI, multiparity, macrosomia, and vaginal delivery might be the main risk factors of UI in postpartum women.

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Background: Papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is a heterogeneous multifocal or isolated tumor with an invasive phenotype. Previous studies presented that alternative splicing, as a crucial posttranscriptional regulator in gene expression, is associated with tumorigenesis. However, the association between alternative splicing and pRCC has not been clarified Methods: The RNA sequencing data and clinical information were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and mRNA splicing profiles from TCGASpliceSeq. The percent spliced in data of alternative splicing merged with survival information was firstly calculated by univariate Cox regression analysis to screen for survival-associated alternative splicing events, and survival-associated alternative splicing events were then analyzed by Gene Ontology categories using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Meanwhile, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox analysis and multivariate Cox analysis were performed to calculate the prognostic index for each alternative splicing type. In addition, clinical factors were introduced to assess the performance of prognostic index. Results: A total of 4,084 candidate survival-associated alternative splicing events in 2,558 genes were screened out. Patients were divided into the low-risk group and the high-risk group based on the median prognostic index value. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis (p < 0.05) and receiver operating characteristics curves (AUC>0.9) indicated that prognostic index was effective and stable for predicting the prognosis of pRCC patients. Furthermore, a regulatory network was constructed incorporating alternative splicing events and survival-associated splicing factors. Conclusion: Our study provides new insights into the mechanism of alternative splicing events in tumorigenesis and their clinical potential for pRCC.