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Computer simulations of agglomerates impacting a wall have been carried out using the distinct element method. The agglomerates comprised 1000 primary particles in a two-dimensional array. Autoadhesive and frictional interaction laws between the primary particles were employed. Results are presented for a range of impact velocities and surface free energies of the particles. Three regimes of behaviour were observed depending on the relative magnitudes of these quantities; the regimes may be described as shattering, semi-brittle fracture and elastic rebound. The qualitative trends found in the current work are consistent with certain features of phenomena observed in experimental studies and lead to an improved understanding of the microscopic factors that influence the fragmentation behaviour of granular solids.

A theoretical model for the crack monitoring of the shape memory alloy intelligent concrete is presented in this work. The mechanical properties of shape memory alloy materials are first given by the experimental test. The one-dimensional constitutive model of the shape memory alloys is reviewed by degenerating from a three-dimensional model, and the behaviors of the shape memory alloys under different working conditions are then discussed. By combining the electrical resistivity model and the one-dimensional shape memory alloy constitutive model, the crack monitoring model of the shape memory alloy intelligent concrete is given, and the relationships between the crack width of the concrete and the electrical resistance variation of the shape memory alloy materials for different crack monitoring processes of shape memory alloy intelligent concrete are finally presented. The numerical results of the present model are compared with the published experimental data to verify the correctness of the model.

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