Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease of unknown cause that affects mainly the motor neurons of the spinal cord, brain stem and brain. The pathogenesis is still obscure and the diagnosis is based on patient history and clinical examination. A handful of factors have been proposed to be associated with ALS; however, the only established risk factors to date are older age, male sex, and a family history of ALS. The familial cases have their historical importance in causative gene identification since through these discoveries much has been uncovered about ALS pathogenesis. The understanding of clinical and epidemiological factors associated with functional impairment is of fundamental for early adoption of measures to promote a better survival and a better quality of life. Rapid diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other neurological disorders is vital if future treatments are to be applied at an early disease stage. The current pace of discovery and identification of novel disease mechanisms in ALS is unprecedented. Advances in this area, however, have also introduced challenges in the heterogeneity of diagnostic definitions affecting this patient population.

O Brasil apresenta em seu território a estimativa de 1.000.000 de ocorrências de acidentes por queimaduras por ano, sendo que, desses casos, apenas 100 mil se encaminham para ajuda hospitalar e, aproximadamente, 2.500 morrem devido a complicações diretas ou indiretas das queimaduras. A mortalidade das queimaduras se eleva quando se observa o comprometimento de outras estruturas orgânicas. Este trabalho tem por objetivo realizar uma revisão narrativa da literatura quanto à abordagem e avaliação inicial do paciente grande queimado no departamento de emergência hospitalar. Foi realizada uma busca eletrônica por artigos publicados em periódicos indexados através da base de dados PubMed, ScienceDirect e BVS Saúde, usando a seguinte combinação de descritores verificados na base DeCS/MeSH: ‘emergency medical services’ AND ‘burn injury’ AND ‘evaluation’. Foram admitidos estudos publicados entre janeiro de 2017 e outubro de 2022. A observação do estado hemodinâmico, a rápida avaliação assertiva do grau de comprometimento e o manejo da equipe multiprofissional em saúde são aspectos fundamentais para a melhora no quadro do paciente.

: Lipomas are benign tumors composed of fatty tissue that can be present in various parts of the body. When present in the mesentery and of increased size, they are called giant mesenteric lipomas and can cause acute abdomen due to intestinal obstruction. When they evolve to such a complication, their treatment is surgical. Few cases are reported in the literature, which, although rare, are not uncommon in medical practice. Therefore, this work aimed to report and address the main signs and symptoms of giant mesenteric lipoma and its main therapeutic surgical approaches. An electronic search was performed for articles indexed in the PubMed database, using the health descriptors “lipome” and “peritoneal disease”, using articles published in the last 20 years. Clinical outcomes, emergency surgical approaches and postoperative complications in the face of the disease guide the basis of this study and aim to elucidate the main points in the face of this little-reported, but not uncommon, disease.