The study aimed at the determination of risk factors, their relationship with the development of stenosing lesions of the coronary arteries in different ethnic groups in Kazakhstan. Primary coronary angiographies of n=640 patients diagnosed with coronary heart disease (CHD) (2017-2019) have been analysed (Almaty, Kazakhstan). The patients were subdivided into: Kazakhs (n=338) and Russians (n=302). In the Russian group, the chance of arterial hypertension incidence was higher (44% and 33%, p<0.05). In the Russian group, the percentage of obstructive CHD was higher than in the Kazakhs (66% and 57%, p<0.05). There was association between obstructive CHD and risk factors such as male sex, diabetes, smoking, and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in the Kazakhs (p<0.05). In the Russian group, the relationship between development of CHD and age, level of total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was higher (p<0.05). There is an association between smoking, diabetes, sex, DBP and the development of CHD in Kazakhs. In the Russian group, CHD was associated with risk factors such as older age, dyslipidaemia and arterial hypertension. There were significant ethnic differences in the risk factors and CHD, in the Russian group the probability of development of obstructive CHD was higher. There was an association between smoking, diabetes, sex, DBP and the development of CHD in Kazakhs. In the Russian group, CHD was associated with risk factors such as older age, dyslipidaemia and arterial hypertension. These finding indicate the need to develop differentiated programmes for the screening, preventive measures for different ethnic groups.

In this cross-sectional study we assessed self-perceived quality of inpatient healthcare in three Kazakhstani cities. Altogether, 923 patients admitted to the city hospitals in Almaty, Aktobe and Semey filled out an anonymous questionnaire. 63 % of them were emergency patients. Binary logistic regression and principal component analysis (PCA) were used. Adjustments for social and demographic patients' characteristics were made. Altogether, 82.9 % (95 % CI 80.3-85.2) of patients rated the quality of healthcare as good or excellent. Among emergency patients, the key factors for being unsatisfied by the quality of services were insufficient quality of hospital food (OR 4.2; 95 % CI 1.70, 10.4), poor communication between doctors and nurses (OR 6.3; 95 % CI 2.3; 17.3) and the lack of adequate explanations regarding procedures and medication (OR 3.8; 95 % CI 1.5, 9.6). Among non-emergency patients, the key factors for being unsatisfied by the quality of services were insufficient quality of hospital food (OR 2.3; 95 % CI 1.2, 4.6), poor communication between doctors and nurses (OR 6.3; 95 % CI 2.9, 13.5), situation if the physician did not pay attention to whether a patient understood information about his/her condition or treatment (OR 2.4; 95 % CI 1.0, 5.2), when the patient has not had the opportunity to discuss his/her condition with medical staff (OR 2.7; 95 % CI 1.2, 5.8), if the patient's relatives was not given a possibility to communicate with a doctor (OR 4.3; 95 % CI 1.7, 11.0), or such this possibility was limited (OR 4.8; 95 % CI 1.9; 12.2).