Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to investigate how physical spaces intersect with innovation and innovativeness, and what the most relevant attributes of physical space are for innovation.Design/methodology/approach -The paper reflects the changing nature of innovation, from technological advancements to services and meaning changes, and argues that the development of innovative spaces similarly embodies a diverse set of values such as collaboration, openness, and sustainability. Using a literature review, interviews, and benchmarking data, the paper examines the relationship between physical environment and innovation.Findings -The findings from both the literature review and the interviews underline innovation as a communicative and human-centred process. As a result five attributes of innovative space are presented: collaboration enabling, modifiability, smartness, attractiveness, and value reflecting.Originality/value -The results provide perspectives to the challenge of how to support innovation creation by developing physical spaces. The paper adds to the conceptual development of innovative space and outlines physical space as an innovative service.

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This article examines the discourses of democracy in the context of political development in Hong Kong during the first 12 years after the 1997 handover using rhetoric and frame analysis. Overall, the study shows how political actors define political options and promote development, which is favourable to their interests and views, through framing democracy in different ways. The study reveals the frames that describe different points of view, and contributes to the understanding of democrats' position as re-framers. The found frames are clustered into paradigmatic framesets that deal with the concrete democracy issue and the political situation in present-day Hong Kong. Consequently, the democracy debate in Hong Kong is organised around two opposite and idealised templates for democracy. The first cluster forms the pro-establishment model, which suggests solutions built around consensus and practical means. The second frameset, mostly used by the pro-democrats, supports the idea of a wider democratic change which entails broad normative changes in politics.This article examines the frames and the idea of democracy in the context of political development through rhetoric and frame analysis. The research objective is to analyse the discussion on political development in Hong Kong concentrating on the democracy rhetoric after the 1997 handover. The period has been dominated by several wide-ranging topics, including the deepening interaction with Mainland China, concerns about Hong Kong's economic performance with the diminishing middle class, a firm demand for democracy and a half million people marching in the streets, and the debate over constitutional development. Studying democracy development through rhetoric is addressed to increase the understanding of the acts, efforts, intentions and narratives of different political actors, with frame analysis being at the core of the research.The study applies frame analysis to Hong Kong politics by examining how different political actors frame political issues and how the presence of frames varies within the public area. More particularly, the study is concerned with the discourses of political actors who participate in the democratisation process. Concerning the political development, frames are affected by the underlying traditional culture.

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