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Bollner, T., Holmberg, K., Olsson, R. 1986. A rostra1 sensory mechanism in Oikopleura dioica (Appendicularia). (Department of Zoology, University of Stockholm, Sweden.)-Acta zoof. (Stockh.) 67, 235-241.The ventral sense organ, below the mouth, is composed of 30 primary sensory cells situated in a row perpendicular to the long axis of the animal. Each cell carries one long and slender, modified cilium which arises from ap apical pocket in the cell. The sensory cells project 15 axons at each side of the pharynx to the brain, which is rostrally paired and terminates in bulb-like swellings. Each of these bulbs contains four cell bodies, which, according to their fine structure, as well as the synaptic connections with receptor and brain fibers, belong to three different types. It is suggested that the sense organ is a chemosensor and that its remarkable similarity to the vertebrate mechanisms for olfaction makes it probable that the appendicularian Oikopleura dioica possesses a 'protochordate' counterpart to the craniate olfactory apparatus.

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