Phytoconstituents have been utilized as medicines for thousands of years, yet their application is limited owing to major hurdles like deficit lipid solubility, large molecular size and degradation in the gastric environment of gut. Recently, phospholipid-complex technique has unveiled in addressing these stumbling blocks either by enhancing the solubilizing capacity or its potentiating ability to pass through the biological membranes and it also protects the active herbal components from degradation. Hence, this phospholipid-complex-technique can enable researchers to deliver the phytoconstituents into systemic circulation by using certain conventional dosage forms like tablets and capsules. This review highlights the unique property of phospholipids in drug delivery, their role as adjuvant in health benefits, and their application in the herbal medicine systems to improve the bioavailability of active herbal components. Also we summarize the prerequisites for phytosomes preparation like the selection of type of phytoconstituents, solvents used, various methods employed in phytosomal preparation and its characterization. Further we discuss the key findings of recent research work conducted on phospholipid-based delivery systems which can enable new directions and advancements to the development of herbal dosage forms.

Cephalexin is a semi synthetic antibiotic derived from cephalosporin 'C'. It is absorbed completely (80-100%) after oral administration 1) and having a biological half-life 2) of 1 h. To maintain therapeutic range, the drug should be administered 3-4 times a day, which leads to saw tooth kinetic and resulting in ineffective therapy. [3][4][5] Hence, we attempted to formulate extended release tablet, which can provide constant effective drug level for six hours, based on calculations considering pharmacokinetic parameters.The main objectives of the present work was to formulate cephalexin extended release tablets by using Eudragit L100 and to study the effect of polymer concentration and hardness on dissolution profile. The tablets were characterized by drug content, weight variation, hardness, thickness, friability, and stability. The in vitro release of formulated extended release tablet was compared with a marketed cephalexin extended release tablet. Eighteen batches of cephalexin extended release tablet were prepared by wet granulation method by using Eudragit L100. The effect of the concentration of Eudragit L100, microcrystalline cellulose and tablet hardness on cephalexin release was studied. The formulated tablets were also characterized for physical and chemical parameters. The dissolution results showed that a higher amount of Eudragit in tablet composition and higher tablet hardness resulted in reduced drug release. An increased amount of microcrystalline cellulose in tablet composition resulted in enhanced drug release. Tablet composition of 13.3% w/w Eudragit L100 and 6.6 to 8% w/w microcrystalline cellulose with hardness of 7-11 kg/cm 2 gave predicted release for 6 h. The in vitro release was compared with a marketed tablet. Physical and chemical parameters of all formulated tablets were within acceptable limits. The effect of storage on in vitro release and physicochemical parameters of tablets was evaluated and two batches among formulated eighteen batches found to be in acceptable limits. MATERIALS AND METHODS Materials

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A method for the determination of omeprazole in bulk and capsule dosage form by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography has been developed. This is a simple, rapid, precise and an accurate method. The method was developed on a Novapak C18, (250 x 4.6 mm, 5µ) column using phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) and acetonitrile in the ratio of 60:40, v/v as a mobile phase which was pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and detection was done at 302 nm. The retention time of the drug was found to be 7.71 min. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, linearity, specificity, robustness. The linearity was observed in the range of 20-60 ppm. The results of recovery studies indicated that the method was accurate. Hence the developed method was found to be suitable for the estimation of omeprazole in bulk and capsule dosage forms.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i11.12062 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 1(11): 366-369

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