A natural polysaccharide was isolated from the seeds of Delonix regia. The isolated polysaccharide could maintain aqueous equilibrium between the dosage form and the surrounding medium due to its massive competence of water absorption (80.72%) and swelling index (266.7%). The Scanning Electron Micrograph of a polysaccharide exhibits rough surface with pores and crevices, hence, the drug release will be retarded because of the drug particles entrapment in the pores and crevices. Further, the surface tension of polysaccharide is higher than that of water, which may facilitate sustained release of drugs from dosage forms. An antipsychotic drug, quetiapine fumarate has a short half-life of 6 h and administered multiple times per day. Hence the quetiapine fumarate oral sustained release tablets were formulated using this polysaccharide in the concentration of 5-30% to avoid the side effects and increase patient compliance. Dissolution of the developed tablets with 25% polysaccharide content showed a better release profile than the other batches (5-20%) at the end of 12 h. The strong matrix complex has low solubility in water, it does not dissolve rapidly and the drug continues to diffuse through the gel layer at a consistent rate. Drug release from the matrix tablets follows matrix type except F-4 and F-5 which follow first order and Hix.crow type. The bioavailability study was carried out using healthy male New Zealand white rabbits that show the AUC(0-inf) value for developed SR tablets is 1.44 times higher than the reference thus, indicating more efficient and sustained drug delivery capable of maintaining plasma drug levels better.

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Phytoconstituents have been used extensively in modern science because of their various pharmacological actions with few side effects. Regardless of their excellent therapeutic activity, several phytoconstituents have shown poor bioavailability in vivo. Phytoconstituents possess properties such as poor lipid solubility, large molecular size, and degradation in the gut due to the acidic environment. Gastric enzymes always limit their use. Phospholipids seem to be a major carrier for plant active molecules, which not only interact with the plant constituents on a molecular level but also protect the active components of the plant from degradation and increase the bioavailability of the active components by imparting lipid solubility to them. Complexation techniques enable researchers to convert the phytophospholipids into various dosage forms, including tablets and capsules. In the cosmetic industry, however, these complexes have acquired wider applicability in the form of gels and emulsions. Complexation of phospholipids with active components of plants improves their bioavailability and is being extensively studied by researchers, and further research in this regard is expected in the future. This review highlights the unique property of phospholipids in drug delivery, their health benefits, and their use in the herbal medicine systems to improve the bioavailability of active herbal components.

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