conceived the idea for the paper; J.M.M. and K.A.S. contributed to the design of the research; M.K.H. and Firooz Firoozmand. identified the case studies, while F.F. and Pauline Rutter prepared the materials and resources and compiled the process documentation of the case-study workshops; F.F. and P.R. carried out the data collection; J.M.M. and K.A.S. led on the conceptual framework, and J.M.M. carried out the data analysis, the situating and linking of the work to other literatures, and the writing of the paper; J.M.M., K.A.S., and M.K.H. contributed to clarifying the focus and general structure of the paper as well as its relevance and methodological approach; all authors worked together on improvements to the paper.