HighlightsBrown tumour and acute pancreatitis are rarely associated with parathyroid adenoma.A young girl presented with recurrent acute pancreatitis and Brown tumour of mandible.Investigations revealed a functioning solitary parathyroid adenoma.The parathyroid adenoma was removed surgically.The patient recovered uneventfully after the surgery.

Context:Endometrial aspiration is not a popular modality for the study of the endometrium despite its simplicity and potential utility.Aim:The present study was aimed at evaluating the utility of endometrial aspiration in various gynecological disorders.Materials and Methods:In this diagnostic accuracy study, 55 prospectively registered women with various gynecological disorders were evaluated clinically and subjected to endometrial aspiration cytology and study of endometrial histology. Endometrial aspiration was performed by infant feeding tube in 10 cases and intra cath cannula in 45 cases. The slides were stained with rapid Papanicolaou (PAP) stain and Leishman stain.Results:Endometrial aspiration cytology showed 90% and 94.6% sampling adequacy with infant feeding tube and intra cath cannula, respectively. Intra cath cannula was very convenient to handle and superior to infant feeding tube in aspirating the endometrium. Of the two stains used, rapid PAP stain was less time-consuming and superior to Leishman stain in studying the nuclear details. Leishman stain was helpful in detecting cytoplasmic vacuoles of secretory endometrium. Overall diagnostic accuracy of endometrial cytology was 90.4% while that for morphological hormonal evaluation was 97.6%. It enjoyed a sensitivity of 91.66%, a specificity of 88.23%, positive predictive value of 94.28%, and negative predictive value of 83.33%.Conclusion:Intra cath cannula emerged as an inexpensive, effective, and convenient device for endometrial aspiration. Endometrial aspiration proved to be a fairly effective, simple, and informative diagnostic modality.

Objective To determine the knowledge base of common laboratory practices related to preanalytical phase of laboratory testing among medical interns and first-year postgraduate residents in a tertiary care hospital medical college. Materials and methods Questionnaire-based survey on preanalytical phase of laboratory testing was conducted among 208 participants, who volunteered and were MBBS interns and first-year postgraduate residents in a medical college, over the period from June 2018 to December 2019. A total of 15-item, multiple-choice questions (MCQs) were included, of which four were opinion-based and not considered for analysis. Responses were further categorized based on percentages with correct response, so we could identify specific knowledge points which need training. Statistical analysis Results were analyzed using Microsoft Excel functions and a simple calculator. Results A total of 208 participants were included in the study, which consisted of an equal number of interns (104) and first-year postgraduate residents (104). The term “preanalytical error” was known to 62.5% of participants. Only 9.62% participants took formal training in phlebotomy. Topics related to questions like coagulation testing, ideal fasting duration, mixing of blood, and order of draw received less than 40% correct response which meant that it requires more training. Conclusions In this era of evidence-based medicine, central laboratory plays a pivotal role in patient management, and quality of laboratory results are of paramount importance. Over a period of time, automation technology has reduced analytical phase errors to the minimum. Most errors reported are part of the preanalytical phase, and it has been found that a majority of them are committed due to a lack of knowledge and skills. In order to improve the preanalytical phase and make it as error-free as possible, the staff (technicians, nurses, and trainee doctors) should be constantly motivated and trained.

INTRODUCTION : Cardiovascular disease (including coronary artery disease, stroke and peripheral vascular disease) is no.1 cause of worldwide mortality, with about 80% of burden occurring in developing countries. Sudden cardiac death is dened as unexpected death from cardiac causes either without symptoms or within 1-24 hours of onset of symptoms(1). The common cause of sudden cardiac death is ischaemic heart disease. Non ischaemic sudden cardiac death occurs in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and in severe left ventricular hypertrophy(2). The purpose of this study will be to determine the causes of sudden death and observe the spectrum of morphological and histopathological changes in heart after sudden death. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This autopsy study was conducted on 121 cases of sudden death over a period extending from January 2019 to August 2020 in autopsy section of Pathology department of BJGMC, Pune. In this autopsy study hearts of patients with a history of sudden death were evaluated for histological and morphological changes. Each heart was grossed adopting the inow outow method and short axis method. Staining solutions used were Solution A: Alum Hematoxylin and Solution B: 1% Eosin Y. OBSERVATIONS : 50 (41.32%) cases out of 121 cases had coronary artery disease along with myocardial infarction of which 43 cases were males and 7 cases were females. No cardiac aetiology was found in 23.96% cases. Coronary artery disease was independently seen in 14.87% cases. Left ventricular concentric hypertrophy was noted in 4.13% cases. Myocardial infarction independently was noted in 3.30%cases, Myocarditis in 2.47% cases, myocarditis with pericarditis in 1.65% cases, HOCM, lipoma, mitral stenosis, pericarditis, septic infarct, secondaries of adenocarcinoma, early vegetation and small vessel disease in 0.82% cases. Calcic aortic stenosis was demonstrated in 1 case. Brown atrophy was demonstrated in 1 case. DISCUSSION : Out of 69 cases of coronary artery disease calcication was commonly seen in 34(49.27%) cases. 47(82.45%) (M-39,l F-8) out of 57 cases of myocardial infarction demonstrated chronic or old infarct. Single vessel involvement was most common in which left anterior descending coronary artery was signicantly involved in 68.75 % cases. Posterior wall was most commonly involved by myocardial infarction which included posterior, posteroseptal, and posterolateral infarcts.

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