Analyzing umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery, and uterine artery by Doppler Velocimetry in intrauterine growth restricted foetuses, in order to predict adverse peri-natal outcomes and also the clinical management of such pregnancies. A prospective study with 60 ante-natal women in their third trimester was included in the study and was subjected to colour Doppler examination. Findings of Doppler studies were used to evaluate foetal well-being and were correlated with perinatal outcome. Out of 60 foetuses, 38 had at least one unfavourable perinatal outcome, including six intrauterine deaths, admission of 12 neonates to NICU, low APGAR score in 14 neonates, and emergency caesarian delivery of 18 babies. A single cut off value (1.08) for the ratio of middle cerebral artery and umbilical artery pulsatility index was used and the value above 1.08 was considered normal and below it is abnormal. The value of cerebro-umbilical ratio revealed that 63.3% of foetuses had redistribution of blood to the brain. The present study showed that in women with intrauterine growth restricted foetuses colour Doppler ultrasound is a useful tool to evaluate the neonatal outcomes. The cerebro-umbilical ratio was a better predictor for foetal outcome in terms of sensitivity and predictive value. Moreover, the absent/reversal of end diastolic flow in umbilical artery represents altered blood flow and indicates the risk of chronic hypoxia in foetus leading to high mortality.

Imaging still remains one of the powerful and non-invasive tools in the field of medicine and biological research. Over time, various imaging tools continue to develop, especially when it comes to the management of brain tumor patients. This research article summarizes the state-of-the art Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) applications in the etiology of brain tumors. In this article, we discuss MR imaging as a tool to diagnose patients with different kinds of brain tumors. This article also discuss the application of MR

Introduction: CT is the imaging method of choice for assessing the extent of acute pancreatitis and for evaluating complications. This study was conducted to assess the correlation of modified CT Severity Index (MCTSI) with patient outcome in cases of acute pancreatitis (AP) and to compare it with the CT Severity Index (CTSI). Material and methods: A prospective study of 62 cases was carried out in the Department of Radio Diagnosis, with complaint suggestive of acute pancreatitis on the basis of clinical/laboratory/ultrasonography findings/who were referred for a CECT evaluation of the abdomen and pelvis. The severity of the attack was evaluated using both the indices CT and MCTSI. Correlation between the severity of pancreatitis and the outcome parameters was calculated using the chi square test. Results: When using MCTSI, there was significant correlation between the severity of AP and the outcome parameters such as length of hospital stay (p<0.001), occurrence of infection (p<0.001) and organ failure (p<0.001). CTSI correlated significantly with the occurrence of end organ failure (p = 0.009) and infection (p=0.042) but less so than MCTSI. In case of intervention, the CTSI (p<0.001) fared slightly better than MCTSI (p=0.001). There was no significant correlation between the severity of Acute Pancreatitis as assessed by the CTSI and the duration of hospitalization (p=0. 160). Conclusion: The MCTSI correlates significantly with the patient outcome parameters than the CTSI and thus can be useful in predicting the prognosis in patients with acute pancreatitis at an early stage.

Introduction: The detection of intracranial atherosclerotic disease has been elusive, possibly because of the dearth of non-invasive methods for diagnosing the condition. Material and Methods: In this study, we used time-of-flight MRA (TOF-MRA) to identify the presence, nature, and number of stenosis in the intra and extracranial arteries and anterior and posterior circulation systems in 60 Indian patients. Results: It was found that there is a strong association between the presence of stenosis and hyperlipidemia and hypertension. Intracranial stenosis was more prevalent in the > 60 years age group, and it maximally affected the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery. Comparatively, significant stenosis and total occlusion were predominant in the intracranial system; single stenosis was associated with the intracranial arteries, whereas multiple stenoses were observed in the extracranial system. Conclusion: Hemiparesis was the most common symptom of the patients. Thus, TOF-MRA can be used successfully to evaluate the occurrence, prognosis, and treatment options for cerebrovascular stenotic diseases.