We document the first record of Sylvilagus brasiliensis (Linnaeus, 1758) in Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil. An adult individual was photographed in October 2015 in the municipality of João Câmara. This is the northernmost report of this species for the Caatinga biome. This article also represents important data for the Rio Grande do Norte, since the mammal diversity of this state is practically unknown.
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