CRD42016038828 (PROSPERO database).

No study has investigated the availability and adherence of preventive oral care products on the Syrian market to evidence-based international recommendations. Data were collected in 2012, and updated in 2016, in terms of availability, characteristics and adherence to evidence-based international recommendations. Few preventive products adhered to the recommendations. Despite the large decrease in the number of oral care products on the Syrian market, due to the Syrian crisis, nonadherence of some of the available products is still present. A multisectorial approach at a policy level is needed to address such important limitations. The Syrian Ministry of Health should reform regulations for fluoride products to become subject to drug monitoring systems; the Syrian Arab Committee for Measurements and Standards needs to update its standards; and the Syrian General Dental Association should distribute a preventive booklet to dental practitioners. ‫األدلة‬ ‫إىل‬ ‫املستندة‬ Conformité des produits de soins dentaires préventifs du marché syrien avec les recommandations internationales fondées sur des données probantesRÉSUMÉ Aucune étude n'a examiné à ce jour la disponibilité et la conformité des produits de soins dentaires préventifs sur le marché syrien avec les recommandations internationales fondées sur des données probantes. Des données ont été collectées en 2012, et mises à jour en 2016, en ce qui concerne la disponibilité, les caractéristiques et la conformité de ces produits avec les recommandations internationales fondées sur des données probantes. Peu de produits préventifs étaient conformes aux recommandations. Malgré une forte diminution du nombre de produits de soins dentaires sur le marché syrien du fait de la crise actuelle dans le pays, la non-conformité de certains produits disponibles reste d'actualité. Une approche multisectorielle au niveau politique est nécessaire pour remédier à ces lacunes importantes. Le ministère syrien de la Santé doit réformer les réglementations existantes sur les produits à base de fluor afin que ceux-ci soient soumis à des systèmes de suivi des médicaments ; le Comité arabe syrien des mesures et des normes doit mettre à jour ses normes ; et l'Association de dentisterie générale syrienne doit distribuer une plaquette de prévention à l'intention des praticiens dentaires. ‫املتوسط‬ ‫لرشق‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫املجلة‬ ‫العرشون‬ ‫و‬ ‫الثاين‬ ‫املجلد‬ ‫السادس‬ ‫العدد‬ 405

Summary Introduction and objectives Very little is known about the role of socioeconomic and psychosocial factors in predicting orthodontic treatment duration. Thus, this study aimed to test whether socioeconomic position (SEP) and psychosocial factors, namely, family environment and resiliency can predict orthodontic treatment duration. Methods Data were analysed from a hospital-based, prospective, longitudinal study that recruited 145 consecutively selected 12- to 16-year-old male and female adolescents. Baseline SEP and psychosocial data were collected by a validated child self-completed questionnaire before the placement of fixed appliances. Linear regression analysis was used. Results The response rate was 98.6 per cent and the dropout was 8.2 per cent. Maternal emotional support was an important predictor of orthodontic treatment duration. Adolescents with high levels of maternal emotional support were more likely to have a shorter orthodontic treatment duration (by nearly four months) than those with low levels of maternal emotional support (P = 0.02). Parental SEP, paternal emotional support, maternal and paternal control, as well as resiliency were not significantly associated with orthodontic treatment duration (P > 0.05). The multivariable regression analysis (including age, gender, and malocclusion severity) confirmed the significance of maternal emotional support as a predictor of orthodontic treatment duration. Conclusions Maternal emotional support is an important predictor of orthodontic treatment duration. This may be explained by a higher maternal involvement in the orthodontic treatment, which may have facilitated achieving the required orthodontic treatment outcome in a shorter treatment duration.

Background: No study has investigated the relationship between dietary patterns and the risk of oral, pharyngeal and laryngeal cancer in the Middle East and North Africa region. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the association between dietary patterns and the risk of oral, pharyngeal and laryngeal cancer in Syria. Methods: A hospital-based unmatched case-control study was conducted on 108 cases with histologically confirmed oral, pharyngeal or laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and 105 healthy controls, who did not suffer from any dietrelated diseases. Dietary intake data were collected by a face-to-face interview, using a food frequency questionnaire. Socio-demographic and health risk behavioural information was collected using a self-completed questionnaire. Factor analysis and logistic and linear regression analyses were performed. The level of significance was set at 5 %. Results: The factor analysis revealed three dietary patterns labeled "Western", "Traditional Syrian" and "High Protein". The results of logistic regression analyses showed that consumption of Western food in the middle and high tertiles posed a significant increased oral, pharyngeal and laryngeal cancer risk of four and three-fold, respectively (adjusted OR = 4.05, 2.80; 95 % CI = 1.57-10.44, 1.05-7.51; P = 0.004, 0.041; respectively). In contrast, consumption of Traditional Syrian in the high tertile and High Protein in the middle and high tertiles displayed significant protective effects in relation to oral, pharyngeal and laryngeal cancer risk (adjusted OR = 0.28, 0.24, 0.10; 95 % CI = 0.10-0.80, 0.10-0.62, 0.03-0.25; P = 0.018, 0.003, <0.001; respectively). Compared to males, females were more likely to adhere to the High Protein dietary pattern. Traditional Syrian pattern's scores decreased with increasing level of education and smoking. High Protein pattern's scores decreased with age and smoking and increased with working status. Conclusions: Traditional Syrian and High Protein dietary patterns were associated with a decreased oral, pharyngeal and laryngeal cancer risk, whereas Western pattern was associated with an increased oral, pharyngeal and laryngeal cancer risk.