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In Holocene sea level study, the selection and identification of appropriate sea level indicator is a prerequisite in order that the sea level index points can be useful and significant. This requires the identification and determination of the indicative meaning. The indicative meaning of the sea level indicator is defined as the altitudinal relationship of the local environment in which it accumulated to the contemporaneous reference tide level. This study identifies the sea level index points using the litho-, bio-, and chrono-stratigraphic approach. The sea level indicator is derived from the regressive contact of the intercalated peat and marine Holocene sequences from Meru and Mardi in Kelang and Penor in Kuantan, while the indicative meaning is estimated based upon the microfossil relationship between the fossil sea level indicator with contemporary samples from various present-day ecological environments. Seven sea level index points identified in the study are compared to the corrected sea level indicator data from earlier works. In Peninsular Malaysia, a general trend of high sea level from about mid-Holocene to the present is depicted. Abstrak: Di dalam kajian paras laut Holosen, untuk menjadikan sesuatu titik indeks paras laut itu berguna, pemilihan dan kenalpasti penanda paras laut adalah penting. Ini memerlukan kepada mengenalpasti dan menentukan "indicative meaning" sesuatu penanda paras laut itu. "Indicative meaning" penanda paras laut diertikan sebagai hubungan ketinggian persekitaran setempat dimana sesuatu penanda paras laut itu telah dihimpunldilonggok dibanding dengan aras pasang surut semasa. Kajian ini mengenalpasti titik indeks paras laut menggunakan pendekatan "litho-, bio-, dan chrono-" stratigrafi. Penanda paras laut adalah didapati dari sentuhan menurun perlapisan gambut dan samudera Holosen yang dikenalpasti di Meru dan Mardi di Kelang dan Penor di Kuantan. "Indicative,meaning" penanda paras laut itu pula dianggar mengikut hubungan fosil-mikro di penanda paras laut dengan yang didapati di sample semasa, diambil dari pelbagai persekitaran ekologi paya pesisir pantai. Tujuh titik indeks paras laut dikenalpasti dari kajian ini dan di bandingkan dengan data paras laut dari kajian terdahulu, yang telah diperbetulkan. Pada amnya di Semenanjung Malaysia, paras laut didapati tinggi dari pertengahan Holosen sehingga sekarang.

Palynology is indispensable to Quaternary geological investigations. This paper discusses the palynological interpretation applied to the environments of deposition of some of the Holocene sediments in Peninsular Malaysia. The significance of palynology in delineating the Quaternary stratigraphy is stressed. A new unit for the Holocene, the Parit Bun tar Member of the Gula Formation is introduced.

Quaternary geological mapping in Seberang Prai, Penang Island and Kuala Kurau was started in February 1983 and completed in September 1988. It covers the lowlands and coastal areas of the Topographic Map Sheets 28, 39 and southern part of Sheet 16. A total of 12 deep boreholes and 288 shallow holes were drilled in the course of the investigation.