Background Over the past 4 decades, gluteal augmentation has increased tremendously in popularity. Therefore, numerous techniques have been developed to provide patients with the best possible outcomes. The submuscular technique has been proven to be a reliable option for a broad cohort of patients. Objectives The main objective of the present retrospective study is to describe the characteristics and clinical outcomes of a group of patients that underwent gluteal augmentation using the submuscular technique. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 80 female patients that underwent submuscular gluteal augmentation with silicone implants from August 2019 to May 2022. All of the patients were operated on by the authors of the present study. Results Information about the patient demographic, implants, complications, and treatments was analyzed. Moreover, the satisfaction of the patients was assessed with a short survey. The most frequent complication was wound dehiscence. Only 7 patients necessitated surgical revisions, while two required isolated antibiotic therapy. All complications were effectively addressed, and no implants had to be removed. Furthermore, the retrospective analysis revealed a noteworthy association between the size of the implant and the occurrence of complications. Conclusions In the authors’ opinion, the submuscular method provides the best aesthetic results and adequate safety for the patients. It significantly minimizes the possibility of complications, such as fluid collection due to muscle fiber dissection or implant exposure/extrusion.

Purpose The thoracoacromial trunk (TAT) originates from the second part of the axillary artery and curls around the superomedial border of the pectoralis minor, subsequently piercing the costocoracoid membrane. Knowledge about the location, morphology, and variations of the TAT and its branches is of great surgical importance due to its frequent use in various reconstructive flaps. Methods A retrospective study was conducted to establish anatomical variations, their prevalence, and morphometric data on TAT and its branches. The results of 55 consecutive patients who underwent neck and thoracic computed tomography angiography were analyzed. A qualitative evaluation of each TAT was performed. Results A total of 15 morphologically different TAT variants were initially established. The median length of the TAT was set at 7.74 mm (LQ 3.50; HQ 13.65). The median maximum diameter of the TAT was established at 4.19 mm (LQ 3.86; HQ 4.90). The median TAT ostial area was set to 13.97 mm (LQ 11.70; HQ 18.86). To create a heat map of the most frequent location of the TAT, measurements of the relating structures were made. Conclusion In this study, the morphology and variations of the branching pattern of the TAT were presented, proposing a new classification system based on the four most commonly prevalent types. The prevalence of each branch arising directly from the TAT was also analyzed. It is hoped that the results of the present anatomical analysis can help to minimize potential complications when performing plastic or reconstructive procedures associated with TAT.

The number of studies on the variations of the branching of the TT is scarce, and those works that treat about the different types of the said trunk are oftentimes inconsistent. Therefore, the authors of the present study would like to propose a set of five types of TT, which were created based on observations of 41 computed tomography angiographies (82 TTs). To establish the anatomical variations, their prevalence, and morphometrical data regarding the TT and its branches, a retrospective study was performed. The results of 55 consecutive patients who underwent neck and thoracic computed tomography angiography (CTA) were analyzed. The analysis was performed on a total of 82 TTs of 41 patients, aged 15 to 82 years (mean age: 46 years; SD: 18.4), of which 16 (39.0%) were females, and 25 (61.0%) were males. Initially, 11 types of variations were evaluated, of which types 1–4 constituted 89.0%. Furthermore, a new method of classification of the anatomical variations of the TTs has been established. In this study, the variety of the branching and morphology of the TT was presented, proposing its novel classification based on the five most commonly prevalent types. Types 1 and 2 were the most common, with a prevalence of 26.8% each. This work also provides physicians with crucial data about the morphology of the TT and its branches, which can surely be of use when performing endovascular or reconstructive procedures in the cervical region.

The uterine artery (UA) is an arterial branch of the internal iliac artery in women, usually arising from the anterior division of the internal iliac artery. However, due to the high variability in the anatomy of the UA, embolization of this vessel may be challenging. Therefore, the objective of this meta‐analysis was to provide physicians with transparent data on the anatomy of the UA, using the available data in the literature. Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched to find all the relevant studies regarding the UA. A total of 16 articles met the required criteria. The UA was found to originate most frequently from the internal iliac artery as the pooled prevalence was set to be 61.72% (95% CI: 41.31%–80.31%). A pooled prevalence of the UA originating from the umbilical artery was established at 13.93% (95% CI: 2.76%–30.44%). A pooled prevalence of the UA originating from the inferior gluteal artery was set to be 5.22% (95% CI: 0.00%–15.44%). In conclusion, we believe that this is the most accurate and up‐to‐date study regarding the highly variable anatomy of the UA. The UA originates most frequently from the internal iliac artery (61.72%), however, other origins, such as from the umbilical artery (13.93%) or the inferior gluteal artery (5.22%) may occur. It is hoped that the results of the present meta‐analysis will be a helpful tool for surgeons performing pelvic or gynecological surgeries.

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