The aim of the study is to assess the technological competitiveness of the leading countries and Ukraine as well as the formation of an innovation and investment mechanism to improve it. The article presents the scheme of research of technological competitiveness of the leading countries and Ukraine on the basis of qualitative and economic-statistical analysis, analysis of comparative advantages, grouping method and correlation-regression analysis. Analysis of foreign trade in high-tech products showed that the studied countries occupy more than half of this market. The studied countries take an active part in international economic relations since they have rather high export quotas but the ratio of the export of high-tech goods to GDP is very low. The analysis of comparative advantages showed that Ukraine has the greatest preference for the export of aerospace products, Germany for pharmaceuticals, China for office equipment, the United States for instrument making, and only China for telecommunications. It was determined that France, China, and South Korea have the highest level of innovation in national exports, and Ukraine and the Russian Federation have the lowest.