This study aims to investigate phytochemical constituents of Pulicaria laciniata extracts and determine their antioxidant activity using three methods; Phosphomolybdate, Reducing Power, and Metal Chelating. The phytochemical investigation showed various secondary metabolites such as Phenols, Glycosides, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Tannins, and Terpenoids. The N-butanol extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity comparing with the other extract in all methods (0.51 and 0.65 mg/ml as A0.5 values of Phosphomolybdate, reducing power) and (1.65mg/ml for IC50 value of metal-chelating). In contrast, all the extracts showed week activity against the metal-chelating method.

Phytochemical compounds are known to be components of many plants and herbs; they have received great interest from the public and scientists due to their health benefits as antioxidants. The aim of the present study was to reveal the bioactive compounds and evaluation of antioxidant activity of the dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and residual water extracts of Atractylis aristata. The bioactive compounds analysis was investigated using HPLC-UV analysis obtained at 254nm and optimized with 16 standards, ABTS and DPPH methods were used for estimating the antioxidant capacity. Thirteen bioactive compounds were identified in the extracts by comparing the retention time. Major compounds detected in the extracts were Acetylsalicylic acid, Ascorbic acid, Gallic acid, Quercetin and Vanillin. All extracts give an antioxidant capacity varied with polarity of solvents. The residual water extract demonstrated a significant amount of total phenolics, flavonoids and condensed tannins (3.544±0.738mg of GAE/g DW, 3.104±0.6760mg of QE/g DW and 2.692±0.561mg of CE/g DW, respectively). In two methods tested to evaluate the antioxidant activity, ethyl acetate extract displayed the highest antioxidant capacity (IC50 value: 0.097±0.003mg/ml in DPPH assay and IC50 value: 0.077±0.003mg/ml in ABTS assay).

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Camel urine has been widely used in the biomedical field as a traditional healing liquid for several health disorders, this study aims to evaluate the antioxidant activity of camel urine and its association with the breeding and the feeding system. Urine samples were collected from domestic (from private farms) and desertic camels, where spectrophotometric method was chosen to evaluate the phenolic, flavonoid content and the antioxidant activity. As results, it was found from the applied testes that the antioxidant activity of the camel urine is very important, where both types of urine illustrated a very low EC50. However, it has been found that the significant anti-radical activity and a reducing power of urine of domesticated camels fed in private farms was higher than the urine of desertic camels. concluding that the consumption and usage of camel urine can contribute to the prevention of diseases associated with oxidative stress.

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