Background: PPH is responsible for 25% of all maternal deaths. In India, PPH incidence in India is 2%-4% following vaginal delivery and 6% following cesarean section. PPH as the important cause of 19.9% of maternal mortality in India. The objectives of the study were to study the incidence, risk factors, cause, morbidity and mortality pattern and management of PPH.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted among 102 pregnant women selected by convenient sampling and admitted in labour room during the study period who will be deliver by vaginally or by caesarean section. The patient having PPH were divided into two groups: Group I: Patients having primary atonic PPH, Group II: Patients having traumatic PPH.Results: Mean age of participants was 33.6 and 32.9 years, 59.3 and 51.2 have ‘0’ parity, mean BMI 22.8 and 23.9 kg/m2, 34.6% and 17.1 babies were delivered by LSCS, 11.7% and 12.2% have history of PPH in the group of atonic and traumatic respectively. In the group of atonic PPH cases, 77.2%, 15.4%, 4.3% and 3.1% cases managed by the method of ‘Uterotonics +<2 blood transfusions’, ‘Uterotonics + >2blood transfusions’, ‘Perineal Tear Repair’ and ‘Surgical Intervention’ respectively. All the traumatic PPH cases (100.0%) were managed by ‘surgical intervention’.Conclusions: A multi-disciplinary approach include medical, mechanical, surgical and radiological is required in severe haemorrhage. Availability of blood and blood products is very crucial. Prediction and assessment of blood loss and timely identification of uterine atony are remaining the cornerstone for prompt and effective management of PPH.

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Objectives: Rotavirus (RV) is the most frequent cause of severe gastroenteritis frequently requiring hospitalization. RV is responsible for > 1/2 of all hospital stays for acute gastroenteritis. The objective was to estimate the burden of community acquired rotavirus gastro-enteritis requiring hospitalization (CRVGE) in children ≤ 5 years old in Czech Republic (CR) and Slovakia (SK). MethOds: Multi-center, retrospective patient chart review was conducted in both pediatric and infection disease settings in CR (n= 109) and SK (n= 115). Resource use analysis including length of hospital stay and tests performed were evaluated. Patients requiring rehydration, complications and comorbidities were considered. Direct cost from payer's perspective were retrieved from official DRG lists (CR) and fixed hospitalization cost rates per case (SK). Micro-costing was done in parallel based on the resource use data. Results: Mean length of hospital stay in CR and SK was 3.9 (SD 1.9) and 4.1 days (SD 1.7) respectively. Prevalent diagnostic tests used were latex agglutination 44.0% (CR) and immunochromatography 92% (SK). Rehydration was required in 84.4% (CR) and 97% (SK) of cases. Comorbidities were reported in 24.8% (CR) and 27% (SK); complications in 10.1% (CR) and 7.8% (SK). The national list-based reimbursement per hospitalized CRVGE is € 370-645 (CR) and € 561 (SK). The calculated average total costs, including treatment prior to, and after admission, were € 462 (CR) and € 583 (SK). The major cost item was the hospital stay with € 391 (CR) and € 540 (SK). Costs for tests and drugs during hospitalization were € 30 (CR) and € 25 (SK). The costs of pre and post-hospitalization care were € 20 (CR) and € 13 (SK). cOnclusiOns: Although the length of hospitalization in both countries is similar costs seem to be substantially lower in CR, possibly as a result of recently launched DRG system. Common complications and comorbidities account for 30% of average hospital costs.