Background and Objectives: The novel coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic causes great public health and socioeconomic harms. Worldwide many countries implemented quarantine policies to minimize the spread of this highly contagious disease. The present study aim was to investigate the impact of quarantine on the medical students’ mental wellbeing and learning behaviors. Methods: In this descriptive study, we used a questionnaire with a Five-Point Likert Scale to collect the information. The questionnaire was distributed among 625 medical students through their emails with a response rate of 530 (84.8%), majority 294 (55.47%) being female. The survey questionnaire consisted of total 20 items; 12 items were related to psychological wellbeing and stress-allied queries and 08 items were about learning behaviors. Results: The findings encompass two important characteristics related to quarantine, psychological wellbeing, and learning behaviors. A combined cohort of 234 medical students, either female or male, (which was 44.1% of the total responders) showed a sense of being emotionally detached from family, friends and fellow students, 125/ 530 (23.5%) medical students felt disheartened. Both female and male medical students showed a marked decrease in their overall work performance. Moreover, 56.2% of the total students (61.5% of the females and 49.5% of the males) felt a decrease in the time they spent studying. Conclusions: Both female and male medical students have identified that quarantine has caused them to feel emotionally detached from family, fellows, and friends and decrease their overall work performance and study period. The findings also show that one-fourth of the medical students who participated in this study felt disheartened during the quarantine period. The long-term quarantine due to COVID-19 pandemic may causes further worsening in the psychological and learning behaviors of these medical students. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2809 How to cite this:Meo SA, Abukhalaf AA, Alomar AA, Sattar K, Klonoff DC. COVID-19 Pandemic: Impact of Quarantine on Medical Students’ Mental Wellbeing and Learning Behaviors. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(COVID19-S4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2809 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic poses a major challenge for medical students’ learning and has become a potential stressor, with a profound influence on their psychological well-being. We aimed to determine the effect of the current pandemic on undergraduate medical students’ learning. We also explored the association of their stress level with coping strategies, educational, and psychological variables. Materials and Methods This is a cross-sectional design study, and participants were the 1st to 5th year medical students. A self-administered questionnaire (18 items) and a well-known Kessler 10 Psychological Distress questionnaire (10 items) were used to collect the data related to perceived stress with an association of educational, psychological, and coping variables. Results The prevalence of overall stress was significantly higher ( χ 2 = 16.3; P =0.000) in female medical students, ie, (40%) as compared to the male students (16.6%), and was highest (48.8%) during the 3rd medical year. It was also noted that the most effective strategy, embraced by students to cope with the severe stress, was “indulging in religious activities” (OR= 1.08; P =0.81). Furthermore, 22.3% of students had perceived severe stress as they did not prefer online learning. Similarly, those students who have not believed or refused the online learning or disagree in “there is pleasure in the study due to COVID” they have significantly higher stress ( χ 2 =39.7; P =0.000) 21.5% mild, 17.8% of moderate, and 21.2% severe. Conclusion We found that the COVID-19 pandemic has induced stress and changes in medical students’ educational attitudes and strategies. The results exhibited that the predominance of stress is higher in females than males, and also more stress was perceived by the students during their transitional year, ie, 3rd medical year (from pre-clinical to clinical) and also the respondents who regularly did religious meditation were at lower levels of stress. COVID-19’s influence on medical education and students’ well-being will be felt at an extended level, which necessitates an appropriate plan for preparedness.

Blood group "A" and "Rhesus +ve" have high risk of breast cancer, while blood type "AB" and "Rhesus -ve" are at low peril of breast cancer. Physicians should carefully monitor the females with blood group "A" and "Rh +ve" as these females are more prone to develop breast cancer. To reduce breast cancer incidence and its burden, preventive and screening programs for breast cancer especially in young women are highly recommended.

IntrOductIOnToday, research on women's health has greatly improved [1,2]. PMS is a common health problem in women in reproductive age and defined as a collection of emotional symptoms, with or without physical symptoms, related to a woman's menstruation cycle [3]. PMS is occur during the luteal phase of menses, however, it disappear with menstrual flow. The prevalence of PMS has been reported in 20 to 32 % of premenopausal [4] and 30-40% of the reproductive female population [5].There are several different symptoms have been associated with PMS [6]. The symptoms are cyclic and recurrent. The symptoms can change in extent and strength during different cycles [7]. Different etiologies have been suggested for the PMS. The abnormal function of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA), which leads to defect in adrenal hormone secretion, nutritional defects and environmental factors are the main factors for PMS [8]. The endocrine systems is one of the theories for explaining the physiopathological mechanism of PMS [7].PMS affects women's quality of life, economic and social performance. In other study, about 23-31 % of reproductive aged women experience PMS to a degree that affects their daily lives [9].PMS can cause mood disorders and its complications [10]. Therefore, during the last 2 decades; several studies have been conducted on various treatment options regarding PMS [11][12][13][14].Due to side effects of PMS, the present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of PMS using meta-analysis method. MethOds search strategyThis originally meta-analysis reviewed the world wide prevalence of PMS. We electronically searched the English-language medical literature published between 1996 -2011 using the available databases including Pub Med and Medline. The protocol was obstetrics and gynaecology section designed using widely recommended methods and reported according to PRISMA [15]. Using the medical subject headings (MeSH), we searched "Premenstrual Syndrome", "Epidemiology of PMS" and "prevalence of Premenstrual Syndrome" including all subheadings. study selection and data extractionTwo researchers independently screened the titles of all recode citations, removing duplicate records and distinguishing potentially relevant studies for inclusion. Abstracts from selected citations were then independently reviewed by two researchers for further relevance, with full text manuscripts retrieved as appropriate. In the disagreement cases, a third consultant acted as an intervener. This search selected 53 abstracts. The following data was extracted from included studies: first author, study population, type of data collection, sampling methods, type of study and main findings. The eligible studies were those which reported the "Premenstrual Syndrome" and "prevalence of Premenstrual Syndrome". However, studies which included treatment of PMS were excluded. Out of 53 abstracts, 26 papers were categorized as potentially eligible for meta-analysis and systematic review. In the last stage 17 full text articles were used in the ...