The usage of agricultural wastes for enzymes production is considered an essential part in any approach to accomplish goals to reduce environmental pollution and disposal of waste. In the present investigation, xylanase enzyme production by Aspergillus fumigatus using agro-industrial waste sugarcane bagasse with solid state fermentation was studied by keeping the best possible values of process variables, substrate concentration, temperature, incubation time, initial moisture content, and initial pH of the medium. The above-mentioned variables affecting the fermentation conditions were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). To estimate individual and interaction effects, the central composite design was used. The most favorable process variables attained were substrate concentration = 9.88 g, temperature = 35.73°C, incubation time = 120.05 hours, initial moisture content = 71.30%, and initial pH = 4.98. From analysis of variance, an R 2 -value of 0.9848 signifies a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values for sugarcane bagasse. Also, the fitness of the model is confirmed by a high R 2 -value. The RSM shows that xylanase activity of 417.521 IU/gds was achieved for the optimized process environment. In addition to xylanase activity, a poor quantity of carboxy methyl cellulase activity was also recorded. This study is carried out for cost-effective xylanase production by using agro-industrial waste as cheaper carbon source. It can reduce environment pollution and also minimizes the cost for disposal of industrial waste.