ObjectivesThis study examined the effectiveness of a newly developed work–family life support program on the work–family interface and mental health indicators among Japanese dual‐earner couples with a preschool child(/ren) using a randomized controlled trial with a waitlist.MethodsParticipants who met the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated to the intervention or the control groups (n = 79 and n = 85, respectively). The program comprised two 3‐h sessions with a 1‐month interval between them and provided comprehensive skills by including self‐management, couple management, and parenting management components. The program sessions were conducted on weekends in a community center room with 3–10 participants. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, 1‐month, and 3‐month follow‐ups. Primary outcomes were work–family balance self‐efficacy (WFBSE), four types of work–family spillovers (i.e., work‐to‐family conflict, family‐to‐work conflict, work‐to‐family facilitation, and family‐to‐work facilitation), psychological distress, and work engagement reported by the participants.ResultsThe program had significantly pooled intervention effects on WFBSE (P = .031) and psychological distress (P = .014). The effect sizes (Cohen's d) were small, with values of 0.22 at the 1‐month follow‐up and 0.24 at the 3‐month follow‐up for WFBSE, and −0.36 at the 3‐month follow‐up for psychological distress. However, the program had nonsignificant pooled effects on four types of work–family spillovers and work engagement.ConclusionsThe program effectively increased WFBSE and decreased psychological distress among Japanese dual‐earner couples with a preschool child(/ren).
Background Nursing students experience high levels of stress. Previous studies on nursing students have explored the relationship between mindfulness and stress response, sense of coherence (SOC) and stress response, and mindfulness and SOC. However, whether SOC affects the relationship between mindfulness and stress response is yet to be explored. This study aimed to clarify how SOC affects the relationship between mindfulness and stress response in Japanese nursing students. The results of this study will be useful in considering appropriate mental health interventions for nursing students in the future. Methods An anonymous self-administered questionnaire survey using the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, SOC Scale, and Perceived Stress Scale was conducted, which yielded 130 (74.7%) valid responses. Subsequently, a mediation analysis was performed with stress response as the dependent variable, mindfulness as the independent variable, and SOC as the mediator. Results Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to analyze the data and revealed a statistically significant correlation between mindfulness and SOC, mindfulness and stress response, and SOC and stress response. Mediation analysis showed that: the direct effect of mindfulness on stress responses was significant (β = − .40; p < .001). However, the direct effect of mindfulness on stress responses was not significant when SOC was included as a mediator. The bootstrap method was conducted, and the results revealed that the indirect effect of mindfulness on SOC-mediated stress responses was significant (β = − .38; 95% CI = − .47 to − .29, p = .01). Conclusions SOC mediated the relationship between mindfulness and stress responses. Improving SOC is necessary to reduce stress responses in nursing students. Additionally, mindfulness should be increased to improve SOC. Future studies should explore enhancing the nursing curricula with mindfulness and SOC training.
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