Sexuality is a complex interplay of multiple facets, including anatomical, physiological, psychological, developmental, cultural, and relational factors. This complex process might be divided into four phases, namely desire, arousal, orgasm, and resolution. Male infertility is a major problem worldwide which is defined as the inability of sexually active, non-contraceptive couples to have offspring in a year. Many factors affect the quality of semen including environmental, nutritional, and "lifestyle-related reasons. Male infertility problems may be contributory to 30 to 40 percent of infertile couples. There are many qualitative and quantitative parameters to check infertility in men which are quality of semen, number of sperm per ml of semen, sperm motility, abnormalities in sperm morphology, etc. Many plants are scientifically studied for their effect on male sexual dysfunction. Evidence showed that plants investigated on male infertility uplift the level of testosterone. The studies made it clear that testosterone plays an important role in sexual interest and associated sexual arousal.

Male factor infertility has now become a major health disorder, affecting human reproduction and developing worldwide as a serious medical and social issue. It causes trauma, emotional instability, and mental stress in the affected couples. In nearly half of the analyzed cases, male-associated factors are the major contributors. The present review outlines a wide range of factors responsible for male infertility. We performed an in-depth literature review of the global index of infertility by using data from World Health Organization's website, Elsevier's, PubMed and Scopus databases as well as journals. The quality and quantity of semen, male hormonal imbalance, genetic deterioration, and reactive oxygen species are the fundamental causes of male factor infertility. In addition, air quality, water quality, noise pollution, lifestyle changes, improper diet consumption, malnutrition, exposure to chemicals and toxins, smoking habits, drug abuses, major diseases, and medications are also contributors to infertility issues that can temporarily or permanently influence male reproductive system. We also reviewed the prevalence of male infertility in different countries.

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Asparagus racemosus (Wild.) (Family: Liliaceae) is extensively used as lactogenic, and the presence of saponin glycosides was found to be  responsible for the biological activity. The studies were performed to isolate saponin glycosides from bioactive n‐butanol fraction of methanolic extract prepared from Asparagus racemosus; through a combined application of alumina‐based vacuum column chromatography and silica gel‐based open column chromatography. The process yielded two steroidal saponins, and the comparative spectral studies of the purified saponins revealed them to be shatavarin‐IV and asparanin‐A. This modified and comparatively simple approach for the separation of shatavarin‐IV and asparanin‐A from the roots of Asparagus racemosus is the first report on the isolation of asparanin‐A from Asparagus racemosus using the conventional column chromatography method. The isolated compounds may serve as standards for ensuring the quality of raw materials.

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