Cryptococcosis is a common opportunistic infection among immunocompromised individuals. Some of the commonly affected sites are respiratory and central nervous system. Lymph node is an unusual site of involvement which could mimic tuberculosis, as seen in our case. We report a 32-year-old male immunocompromised patient presenting with generalized lymphadenopathy who was clinically suspected to have tuberculous lymphadenitis. He was diagnosed to have disseminated cryptococcosis on fine needle aspiration cytology and fungal isolation on culture.

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Filariasis is a parasitic infectious disease caused by filarial nematode worms. These worms mainly dwell in subcutaneous tissues and lymphatics of the human host, with a predilection for lower limbs, retroperitoneal tissues, spermatic cord, and epididymis. Oral or perioral involvement of the filarial nematode is rare. This case report describes a filarial abscess in the right submandibular region. Fine needle aspiration cytology of the abscess revealed the presence of microfilaria of Wuchereria bancrofti species. The parasite was also present in the peripheral blood smear. Filarial infection presenting in this region is unusual and can cause diagnostic dilemma. The clinician can consider filariasis as one of the differential diagnosis while treating those abscesses in the orofacial region that are unresponsive to routine management, especially, patients hailing from endemic areas.

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. In general, they are said to be of good prognosis, still there are a few aggressive variants. Differentiated carcinomas like papillary and follicular comprise of major proportion and have a less aggressive clinical behaviour, even though some of them tend to be otherwise. De-differentiated and undifferentiated cancers are more aggressive. There has been an already existing theory that these de-differentiated cancers arise from differentiated ones by a process of stepwise molecular changes. There are already reported cases of coexistence of multiple histologies. Appreciation of dedifferentiation and identification of the genetic changes may be of help in forming improved treatment strategies, including targeted therapy. This article is to report a rare case we came across, in which three different histologies coexisted and may be pointing towards graded de-differentiation pattern. This is a further support to the stepwise de-differentiation theory.