Background: Incomplete flap coverage or early exposure over implants and/or barrier membranes have a negative effect on bone regeneration. In cases of using regenerative techniques, complete soft tissue coverage of the implant area is necessary to promote adequate conditions for guided bone regeneration. Primary socket closure may be difficult, when periosteal releasing incision is only used, due to the opening left by extracted tooth. Therefore, Soft tissue grafting techniques are used to achieve primary soft tissue closure. Materials and Methods: Soft tissue grafting techniques, with or without barrier membranes, were performed for primary closure in four cases of immediate placements. Three different methods were used (CTG, VIP-CT, Palatal advanced flap). Clinical results of the grafting were evaluated. Result: One case showed early exposure of cover-screw and, no other complications were noted. In the others, Primary closure was achieved by soft tissue grafting techniques. One of the cases, Graft showed partial necrosis, but there were no exposure over implants and/or barrier membranes. Conclusion: The use of grafting techniques, in immediate implant placement, can predictably obtain primary closure of extraction sockets, thereby providing predictable bone formation and improved implant results.

K2PdSe10, orthorhombic, Pcma (no. 55), a = 8.293(3) Å, b = 10.987(3) Å, c = 16.432(5) Å, V = 1497.1(8) Å3, Z = 4, R gt(F) = 0.0349, wR ref (F 2) = 0.0688, T = 173(2) K.

We report the utility of \Cd(Se4)2]2-, \Cu4Se12]2- and \In3Se15]3- as convenient low temperature precursors to semiconducting CdSe and CuInSe2. DMF and DMSO solutions of these complexes react with Se-abstracting reagents such as CN- and n-(Bu3)P to yield the corresponding binary solids at 155 °C or less. Appropriate stoichiometric mixtures of \Cu4Se12]2- and \In3Se15]3- react to give CuInSe2. The semiconducting solids were characterized with UV/vis spectroscopic, X-ray crystallographic and electron (scanning and transmission) microscopic techniques. The particle size of these materials can range from the quantum-size regime to the bulk regime, depending on the reaction conditions, metal precursor complex and Se-abstracting reagent used.

The molecular polychalcogenide complexes [M(Se4)2]2−, (M=Mn, Zn, Cd, Hg), [Sn(Se4)3]2−, and [Cu4Se12]2− can be converted to the corresponding binary semiconducting solids. DMF and DMSO solutions of these complexes react with Se-abstracting reagents such as CN− and (n-Bu)3P to yield the corresponding binary solids at 155 °C or less. Appropriate stoichiometric mixtures of [Cu4Se12]2− and [In3Se15]3− react to give CulnSe2. Appropriate stoichiometric mixtures of [Cd(Se4)2]2− and [Mn(Se4)2]2− give solid solutions Cd1−xMnxSe where O<x<l. The Cd1−xMnxSe solid solutions were characterized by variable temperature magnetic measurements. Depending on the reaction conditions, metal precursor complex and Se-abstracting reagent used, the semiconductor particle size ranges from the quantum-size to the bulk regime. This method of synthesis produces the little known γ-MnSe in pure form.

Large blue shifts of the nu2 C=N stretch, nu4 Cz.sbnd;C stretch, and nu8 CCN deformation bands of CD3CN are observed in the infrared and Raman spectra of CD3CN solution of AlCl3, resulting from the donor-acceptor interactions of CD3CN with the Lewis acid. The Raman spectrum in the nu2 region shows further details; two new bands emerge on the blue side of the nu2 band of free CD3CN, and the ratio in intensity of the two bands also changes with concentration. Parallel to the nu2 region, similar new bands are observed on the blue sides of the nu4 and nu8 bands of free CD3CN. The solvation number of AlCl3, determined from the Raman intensities of the C=N stretch bands for free and coordinated CD3CN, increases from 1.54 to about 1.7 with decreasing concentration, indicating that various complexes with different numbers of coordinated acetonitrile coexist in the solution. The strong hydrogen bonds formed between the CD3 group and the chlorine atoms of the solute result in a large band appearing on the low frequency side of the nu1 CD3 symmetric stretch of free CD3CN.