Background Neonatal jaundice is common, and despite the considerable medical costs associated with it, there are still few studies on the maternal factors associated with it. Identification of maternal factors associated with neonatal jaundice is very important in terms of prevention, screening and management of neonatal jaundice. The current study aimed to identify maternal disease factors associated with neonatal jaundice. Methods We compared the maternal disease diagnostic codes during pregnancy (study A) and 1 year before conception (study B) in mothers whose insurance claims data included newborns treated for neonatal jaundice before birth registration via the National Health Insurance Service–National Sample Cohort (control group). To decrease the effect of confounding variables, the neonatal jaundice and control groups were matched at a ratio of 1:10 via propensity score matching using covariates including age and income. Results The matched samples for studies A and B included 4,026 and 3,278 (jaundice group: 366 and 298) delivery cases, respectively. In both studies, the jaundice group had a higher proportion of patients who underwent cesarean section than the control group. In study A, other diseases of the digestive system had the highest odds ratio (OR) (K92; adjusted OR: 14.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.70–82.26). Meanwhile, gastritis and duodenitis had the lowest OR (K29; adjusted OR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.22–0.69). In study B, salpingitis and oophoritis had the highest OR (N70; adjusted OR: 3.33, 95% CI: 1.59–6.94). Heartburn had the lowest OR (R12; adjusted OR: 0.29, 95% CI:0.12–0.71). Conclusions This study identified maternal disease factors correlated with neonatal jaundice during pregnancy and 1 year before conception. Maternal risk factors for neonatal jaundice included syphilis and leiomyoma during pregnancy, and salpingo-oophoritis before pregnancy. The protective factors included infection, inflammatory diseases, and dyspepsia.

Carbon–fluorine bonds in fluorinated molecules can undergo homolytic cleavage reactions when electrons are injected, and the resulting radicals combine to form network structures characterized by reduced solubility. This crosslinking chemistry suggests a new category of patterning materials that function under electron beam (e-beam) and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithographic conditions. Although this chemistry enables the production of 50 nm or smaller-sized features of simple fluoroalkylated polymers, it is limited by the need for relatively large amounts of irradiation energy to achieve required solubility changes. Therefore, this study was undertaken to devise a sensitivity-enhancing strategy based on a synergistic combination of radical crosslinking and hydrogen-bonding interactions between highly fluoroalkylated copolymers. An alternating copolymer was synthesized using tert-butoxystyrene and a fluoroalkylated maleimide, the former of which produces active hydrogens through catalytic acidolysis reactions. When the polymer was blended with a catalytic amount of a photoacid generator and subjected to lithographic patterning tests under e-beam and EUV irradiation, the deprotection reactions of tert-butoxy moieties proceeded at room temperature and led to a solubility decrease. We presume the small number of hydroxyl moieties produced formed an intermolecular hydrogen-bonding network, which acted synergistically with the covalent crosslinks generated by C–F bonds. When 30 nm features of copolymer thin films were fabricated by EUV lithography, sensitivity was improved by 25–34% without significant deterioration of pattern quality, especially line-edge roughness. These results demonstrate that EUV resists with improved patterning capabilities can be achieved by combining catalytic acidolysis reactions and noncatalytic crosslinking chemistry.

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BACKGROUND A large amount of healthcare data has been produced and accumulated in recent years: big data derived from hospital records, patient medical records, medical examinations, and other sources. These data require proper management and analysis to derive meaningful results to improve healthcare. For proper management, the data must be integrated, secured, and made interoperable between individuals, hospitals, and companies, while protecting patient privacy. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this research was to create a healthcare data marketplace using a blockchain-based business-to-consumer model that ensured the integration, security, and interoperability of healthcare data between individuals, hospitals, companies, and marketplaces. This marketplace should enable direct transactions of healthcare data between companies that need individual healthcare data and individuals who own the data. METHODS To investigate the essential elements of a healthcare data marketplace, we considered two aspects: technology and service. A healthcare data marketplace was created using MySQL 8.0, JavaScript library, and Node.js software. The marketplace system featured security of data, access for companies and individuals, and a data transaction monitor. Furthermore, anonymization and standardization of data were implemented. A web-based application was developed for implementation of the marketplace system, along with a mobile application system for use by individuals. Finally, we evaluated the performance of the data marketplace system in three scenarios: male and obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2); male aged ≥40 years with abnormal liver function tests (aspartate aminotransferase ≥40 units/L and alanine aminotransferase ≥40 units/L); and female aged ≥60 years with high blood pressure (systolic pressure ≥130 mmHg and diastolic pressure ≥90 mmHg). RESULTS A web-based application was developed to implement the healthcare data marketplace; a mobile application was also developed for individuals who provide their healthcare data. The performance of the data marketplace was evaluated through the three scenarios by calculating the time taken for completion of each scenario. A data query was executed fully within about 1–2 s; approximately 9.5 healthcare data queries were processed per minute in each scenario. CONCLUSIONS We successfully created a prototype of a healthcare data marketplace that ensured the integrity and security of data through its honest broker design.

Recently, the use of new and renewable energy for suppressing the generation of carbon dioxide to prevent global warming has attracted considerable attention. Among the various new and renewable energy sources, solar energy has been attracting increasing interest for the reduction of building energy, as it is easy to implement in buildings and excellent for maintenance and repair. Therefore, in this study, an air-based photovoltaic thermal (PVT) system, which can increase the utilization of solar energy, was compared with the existing PV system through measurements. The PVT system can increases the amount of power generated by reducing the temperature of the panel via the air passing through the lower part of the panel. Furthermore, useing the air whose temperature has been increased by the heat obtained from the panel for indoor heating or hot water supply in the building is possible. The performance of existing PV and PVT panels was measured under the same weather conditions, and result indicated that the power generation efficiency of PVT panels, through which the air passes was higher than that of PV panels. Furthermore, the air whose temperature was increased to ≥40°C by the PVT system may be utilized for heating and hot water supply. Overall, by utilizing solar power, air-based PVT systems can utilize 3.4 ~ 3.9 times more solar power than can conventional PVs.