Background: Plantago commonly called as Isabgol ( Plantago ovata Forssk.) is a perennial herb that belongs to the family Plantaginaceae . A range of biological activities has been found from plant extracts, including wound healing activity, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, weak antibiotic, immunomodulating and anti-ulcerogenic activity. Periodontal disease is a complex condition as a result of interaction between microorganisms and host inflammatory mediators. Hence, the extract of Isabgol is tested for its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties against periodontal disease. Aim: The aim of this in vitro study is to evaluate the antibacterial property of Isabgol leaves and seeds against periodontal pathogens, namely Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans , Porphyromonas gingivalis , Prevotella intermedia , and Fusobacterium nucleatum and anti-inflammatory property against matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, aqueous extract of Isabgol is tested for its antibacterial property against the stock cultures of specified periodontal pathogens using the tube dilution method and anti-inflammatory property against MMP-2 and MMP-9 using zymogen gel electrography. Results: Minimum concentration at which the sensitivity of A . actinomycetemcomitans , P . gingivalis , P . intermedia , and F . nucleatum for the extract observed was 50 μl/ml, 0.8 μl/ml, 0.4 μl/ml and 12.5 μl/ml, respectively, concentrations below these showed no effect on the microorganisms. Zymogen electrographic test for anti-inflammatory activity showed percentage inhibition of 30% and 40% against MMP-2 and MMP-9, respectively. Conclusion: Isabgol is effective against the periodontal pathogens and inflammatory mediators which are responsible for periodontal disease.

Aim and objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 1% (w/v) chitosan gel as an active agent, on periodontopathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Tannerella forsythia. Materials and methods: One percent chitosan gel was tested for its antimicrobial activity against four periodontopathogens, P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, F. nucleatum, and T. forsythia by using a disk diffusion test. Results: The effectiveness of chitosan gel can be measured using its zone of inhibition. Chitosan gel showed the maximum zone of inhibition against F. nucleatum. It also produced a wide ring of no bacterial growth where P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, and T. forsythia were inoculated. Conclusion:In this study, it has been demonstrated that chitosan gel is effective against the periopathogens tested, thereby highlighting its potential to be used in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. Clinical significance: Chitosan gel shows promise in vitro, by producing a wide zone of no bacterial growth. Therefore, it can be used in the treatment of chronic periodontitis, clinically.

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