Technological innovations will leads to meet the present and future challenges of agriculture sector. Water is one of important natural resource, since time immemorial, also acted as catalyst during Green Revolution and helped India achieve self-sufficient status in food grain production. Fresh water is only 2.6% of the total water resources of the world has to be utilized efficiently. Inspite of coverage under irrigation in India and phenomenal growth in production from irrigated area, water use efficiency remains very low as irrigation water is lost during conveyance and application. Prevalent irrigation methods used in agriculture are primarily based on gravity based flow. Surface Irrigation methods viz., Land configuration, Laser levelling and Cablegation can increase production and can save 33% of water. Likewise sprinkler and drip Irrigation practices can also increase both productivity and water saving by 70-90%. The modern methods of irrigation (sprinkler, drip and micro-sprinkler) are becoming increasingly popular with application efficiencies as high as 90 to 95% when compared to 50 to 60% in conventional irrigation methods. Whereas irrigation practices like Pre-irrigation, hydrogel led to significant increase the yield levels by 36% and water saving by 27%. At present, the area under micro-irrigation is only very less when compared to large rain fed area in India. So in order to increase the higher agricultural productivity, we have to shift towards the latest innovative methods as compared to  traditional methods of irrigation.

Background: The field experiment was conducted to evaluate pigeon pea varieties viz., AL 882 and Pusa Arhar 16 under different spacing in Amritsar region” during kharif season 2019-2020 at Students’ Research Farm, Department of Agriculture, Khalsa College, Amritsar. Methods: The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (factorial), replicated thrice. There were six treatments of spacing S1 (30 × 12.5), S2 (40 × 12.5), S3 (50 × 12.5), S4 (30 × 25), S5 (40 × 25), S6 (50 × 25cm) and two varieties V1 (Pusa Arhar 16) and V2 (AL 882). All the cultural practices were performed to get maximum productivity of pigeonpea from each plot. Result: The results revealed that cv. AL 882 performed better under spacing 30 × 12.5 cm for growth parameters such as plant height and LAI whereas dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate and number of primary and secondary branches were significantly higher in spacing 50 × 25 cm. Among yield attributes, cv. AL 882 showed significantly higher number of pods per plant, pod length (cm), number of seeds per plant and 100 seed weight (g) under spacing 50 × 25 cm than cv. Pusa Arhar 16. However, seed yield was maximum in wider spacing (50 × 25 cm) and narrow spacing (30 × 12.5 cm) with cv. AL 882 and Pusa Arhar 16, respectively. However, both varieties produced highest stover and biological yield under narrow spacing 30 × 12.5 cm.