PurposeThis study identifies the facilitators and inhibitors for the adoption of e-learning for the undergraduate students of architecture. Nine constructs are identified as facilitators and five constructs are identified as inhibitors to the adoption of online learning systems in the context of the study. These constructs were used to propose a research model.Design/methodology/approach596 architecture undergraduates responded to a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was finalized after a pilot study and included standard scale items drawn from previous studies. An exploratory factor analysis was followed by structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the proposed model.FindingsAll the identified facilitators emerged significant except social influence and price value. Furthermore, technology risk emerged insignificant while all other inhibitors had significant impact on Behavioral Intention to adopt e-learning.Research limitations/implicationsThe study has strong implications in academia as HEIs in developing countries need to make their students computer proficient, boost the implications of e-learning services by mitigating risks and motivating students to acquire knowledge through flexible e-learning modules.Originality/valueThe COVID-19 pandemic forced educational institutions to switch to online modes of learning. For students of architectural programs in a developing country like India, this has been unprecedented and has brought in a new set of challenges and opportunities. With the extension of the pandemic induced lockdown in educational institutions, students – and other stakeholders – have no choice but to adapt to this new normal of dependence on remote learning.

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A modification process after manufacturing or constructing is called Retrofitting. Within the existing built forms it refers to the transitions made to the systems in the building or the structure after it is constructed or put to its defined use. Within the present day context, there are many historic buildings that are still in use or have the potential for future use. These may not be sometimes used to their full potential, despite their historic character and environmental features as most of them do not satisfy the contemporary needs of the present day user. They may also have been built for a purpose that no longer exists or has changed and often lag behind today's performance standards and codes. Therefore, for contemporary use of such historic buildings, Retrofitting for Rehabilitation is an opportunity for alterations and additions to suit it to the present day context. The most significant aspect of retrofitting is associated with structural refurbishment which aids for added strength, stability and safety of the historic buildings. Retrofitting measures in a historical building aims to improve the overall performance of the building, facilitate techniques to alter, repair or add to make the historic building fit for contemporary use without jeopardizing their historic qualities. Through case examples, the paper aims to bring out the trends in retrofitting and the retrofitting techniques that are being adopted in contributing to a sustainable future of historic buildings. The structural retrofitting techniques adopted at the Hearst Greek Theatre, California exemplify how historic buildings can be structurally rehabilitated to become a sustainable resource for future generations.

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