The scalpel was considered a gold standard for making skin incisions until the inception of diathermy. Nowadays, electrodes used in making diathermy incisions generate a pure sinusoidal current which produces cleavage in the tissue planes without creating damage to surrounding areas, thus leading to minimal burn-related wound complications.4 Hence, this study was carried out to determine whether electrocautery is safe and effective for making skin incisions as compared to a scalpel for midline abdominal surgery. OBJECTIVE: The object of the study was to compare electrocautery incision with scalpel incision in terms of incision time, blood loss, postoperative pain and wound infection. The objective was to determine whether electrocautery is safe and effective for making skin incisions as compared to a scalpel for midline abdominal surgery. Methodology: Patients scheduled for midline abdominal surgeries and willing to participate in the study were randomized into two groups- group A (electrocautery group) and group B (scalpel group). Results: In this study, 52 patients were included and divided into two groups, of which 26 were in group A and 26 were in group B. Intraoperative blood loss and incision time are less while using electrocautery as compared to a scalpel. In terms of postoperative pain and wound complications, there was no discernible variance between the two groups. Conclusion: The use of electrocautery for making skin incisions in midline abdominal surgery was associated with less intraoperative blood loss and less incision time as compared to a scalpel. There was no variance in postoperative pain and wound complications between the two groups. With the above advantages of electrocautery, we conclude that electrocautery is a safe and effective alternative to a scalpel in making skin incisions in midline laparotomy.

Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a minimal-access procedure for removing the gallbladder, has various benefits, including a significantly shorter hospital stay ,lower cost and a low patient comorbidity Materials and Methods:- this was a prospective study. The study was conducted on 60 patients of cholecystectomy ,who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy under constant intraperitoneal pressure of 15mmhg in GEMS medical hospital, ragolu, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh. This study was designed to evaluate the complications of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic cholecystectomy using the liver enzymes Results:- Total bilirubin pre-operative was 0.72±0.13 mg/dl, increased 24 h after surgery to 1.11 ± 0.30 mg/dl by 138% . Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) pre-operative was 19.523 ± 16 U/l increased 24 h after surgery to 30.12± 18.35 U/l by 154 %. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was 22.58 ± 5.09 U/l increased 24 h after surgery to 38.62 ± 12.15U/l by 171%. Alkaline phosphatase pre-operative values were 103.8 ± 23.32 U/ and after 24 h was 147.8 ± 36.54 U/l by 142 % Conclusion: laparoscopic operations produce a transient rise in serum liver enzymes ,our study too demonstrated bilirubin, AST, ALT, ALP elevated following laparoscopic cholecystectomy . when combined with data from earlier research These changes could be attributable to a decrease in portal venous flow caused by a pneumoperitoneum's high pressures.

Surgical Site Infection and wound healing are reported more commonly in abdominal surgeries. Wound dehiscence following SSI is a significant concern. Subcutaneous negative suction drainage will reduce the incidence of SSI and wound dehiscence by draining seroma, promoting wound healing. Objective: This study's objective is to assess and evaluate the impact of subcutaneous drains on the incidence of surgical site infections following an emergency laparotomy procedure. Methodology: A total sample size of 50 patients within the inclusion criteria for 12 months was taken. Patients are followed for 15 days after surgery and are divided into 2 groups as Group A (study group): Emergency surgeries were done with subcutaneous drains. Group B (control group): Emergency surgeries were done without subcutaneous drains. Central randomization was performed. Results: 50 patients were included in the study, with 25 in each group. Hematoma formation was significantly higher among group B (24.0%) than among group A (4.0%). Seroma formation (p-value =0.03917), SSI rate (p-value =0.039), and wound dehiscence/burst abdomen (p-value =0.0415) were more in group B than in group A. The mean wound healing time (days) and mean hospital stay (days) were significantly more in group B. Conclusion: Surgical site infection is commonly due to abdominal cavity infection rather than nosocomial infection. The subcutaneous suction drainage tube is an effective method of abdominal wall closure in cases of peritonitis compared to conventional primary skin closure without drain as it significantly reduces the incidence of wound infection, dehiscence, wound secondary suturing and duration of hospital stay in SSI.

Disturbance of the normal anatomic structure and functional integrity of the skin can be described as wound. Chronic or non-healing ulcers are defined as ulcers which are failed to heal in less than 3 weeks of duration .If normal healing process is interrupted ulcer can become chronic in nature due to lack of growth factors and cytokines which is results in delay of wound healing. Conventional treatment for chronic non-healing ulcers includes wound cleansing and necrotic tissue debridement. The use of patient’s own body cells for ulcer treatment relies upon the components present in the blood and platelet concentrate, which contains various cytokines and growth factors. Autologous PRP is a platelet suspension in plasma derived from whole blood that is increasingly being used in clinical practice for the treatment of chronic non healing ulcers. OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of topical application of autologous platelet rich plasma in wound healings. METHODOLOGY: The study was conducted in the department of General Surgery, GREAT EASTERN MEDICAL SCIENCES during the period of February 2021 to February 2022 . Ten patients between 18-80 yrs ,of any sex, with chronic non-healing ulcers of different etiologies were treated with topical application of PRP. RESULTS : Ten patients each having ulcer of varying etiology were included .Treated with Topical administration of AUTOLOGOUS PRP solution over the ulcer. Among the included patients 6(60%) were males and 4 (40%) were females with a mean age of 62.5± 13.53 years. Out of 10 patients 4(40%) were in 61-80 years age group,2(20%)were in 41-60 years age group and 4(40%) patients was less than 40 years .The duration of the chronic non healing ulcers presented by the patients range from 9 to 24 weeks with a mean duration of 16weeks.After application of PRP solution ,the mean healing time was found to be almost 8.2 weeks±1.9weeks.After the application of PRP solution small islands of granulating tissue appeared over the wound and a significant reduction in ulcer size was observed as a sign of healing and improvement. CONCLUSION: In our study, the results showed that PRP is a safe and effective treatment modality for chronic non-healing ulcers. Delivering of growth factors to target site enhances the wound healing rates of chronic non healing ulcers.PRP seems to be efficient to treat chronic non healing ulcers which are non responsive to classical conservative treatments. Using PRP to treat chronic wounds/ulcers may not only enhance healing, but also prevent lower extremity amputations caused by nonhealing wounds.There by reducing over all hospital stay, inconvenience of constant medication and morbidity.

INTRODUCTION: Acute appendicitis is the most common acute surgical condition of the abdomen. It is a fatal condition, and death occurs by sepsis due to peritoneal contamination with both aerobic and anaerobic organisms. The primary role of management is to control sepsis, minimize contamination, and treat the underlying cause. Surgery plays an essential role in the management of perforation. AIM: To analyse the incidence of appendicular perforation and to study the etiological factors. OBJECTIVES: To study the clinical presentation of appendicular perforation. To study various factors leading to appendicular perforation. To study the age & sex incidence. METHODOLOGY: In this study total of 20 patients were included, Patients of appendicular perforation are studied prosspectively in detail. Patients were selected from admissions in GEMS, Srikakulam. Clinical diagnosis of appendicular perforation is confirmed by investigations or by laparotomy performed. RESULTS: Out of the 20 patients , 14 patients were under the age of 20 yrs, 15 were males. One patient was in 1st trimester of pregnancy and underwent spontaneous abortion along with the appendicular perforation. 5 out of them were at the base of appendix and also has caecal perforation. One patient underwent cecostomy and temporary ileostomy. One patient needed right hemicolectomy as the patient has multiple perforations at the base of appendix and was in severe sepsis and succumbed to death on POD 3. CONCLUSION: Appendicular perforation was most common in younger age groups. Early appendectomy for perforated appendicitis significantly reduced the time away from normal activities, overall adverse event rate. Drain placement appears to be helpful with late diagnosis but is of little benefit when the duration of symptoms is less than four days. Thus it is likely that drains are most useful in patients with well established and localized abscess cavities.